Techniques for producing aluminum alloy products having improved formability and recyclability

ABSTRACT

Described are aluminum alloy products and methods of making aluminum alloy products in which the aluminum alloy products have carefully controlled intermetallic particle density and particle size. Such aluminum alloy products may exhibit favorable formability. Control over intermetallic particle size and density may allow for use of high amounts of recycled source content in aluminum alloy products.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/963,816, filed on Jan. 21, 2020, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to metallurgy generally and morespecifically to aluminum alloy products and techniques for improvingformability of aluminum alloy products, particularly those containinghigh amounts of recycled source content. The present disclosure alsorelates to aluminum alloy products useful for beverage containers andother aluminum alloy products, and methods of preparing aluminum alloyproducts.

BACKGROUND

Formability is an important mechanical property of aluminum alloyproducts. In some instances, a reduction of constituent particle sizewithin the aluminum alloy microstructure aims to improve formability. Atthe same time, environmental concerns call for increased recycled sourcecontent within aluminum alloy products. However, increasing the recycledsource content of aluminum alloy products may reduce formability of thealuminum alloy products.

One industry that may benefit from increased formability and increasedrecycled source content is the beverage container industry. However, thecomposition of aluminum alloys used within the beverage containingindustry may impact the formability and recycled source content of thebeverage products. For example, AA3104 alloys which contain manganeseare commonly used for beverage can body stock, while aluminum alloyscontaining magnesium (e.g., AA5182) have been used for beverage can endstock. Different aluminum alloys may be useful for meeting the needs ofdifferent beverage container technologies.

SUMMARY

The term embodiment and like terms are intended to refer broadly to allof the subject matter of this disclosure and the claims below.Statements containing these terms should be understood not to limit thesubject matter described herein or to limit the meaning or scope of theclaims below. Embodiments of the present disclosure covered herein aredefined by the claims below, not this summary. This summary is ahigh-level overview of various aspects of the disclosure and introducessome of the concepts that are further described in the DetailedDescription section below. This summary is not intended to identify keyor essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intendedto be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subjectmatter. The subject matter should be understood by reference toappropriate portions of the entire specification of this disclosure, anyor all drawings and each claim.

Described herein are aluminum alloy products and methods of makingaluminum alloy products in which the aluminum alloy products have beenprocessed to have a favorable distribution of intermetallic particles,particle density, and/or spacing between the particles (inter-particlespacing), which may be beneficial for aluminum beverage container makingprocesses and/or for minimizing and reducing galling and tear-offsduring drawing, ironing, and/or necking during forming of an aluminumalloy product, (e.g., in the process of making aluminum beveragecontainers). Moreover, the ability to control particle density andinter-particle spacing to favorable values may allow for increasedrecycled source content, benefiting the environmental and economic costof aluminum alloy product production. Optionally, the aluminum alloyincludes a plurality of particles including α-phase intermetallicparticles comprising aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron ormanganese. Optionally, the aluminum alloy includes a plurality ofparticles including β-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminumand one or more of iron or manganese. Optionally, the aluminum alloy isfrom a recycled source or is at least partially from a recycled source.

The aluminum alloys of some embodiments may exhibit ratios of iron tosilicon (e.g., ratios of wt. %) that may be greater than iron to siliconratios in some alloys conventionally used in the beverage containermaking process. For example, ratios of iron wt. % to silicon wt. % inaluminum alloys described herein may range from about 0.5 to about 5.0,or may be about 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5,1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9,3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3,4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, and/or 5.0, for example. The disclosedaluminum alloys of some embodiments may alternatively exhibit ratios ofsilicon to iron (e.g., ratios of wt. %) that are greater than silicon toiron ratios in alloys conventionally used in the beverage containermaking process. For example, ratios of silicon wt. % to iron wt. % inaluminum alloys described herein may range from about 0.5 to about 1.0,such as from 0.5 to 1.0, such as from 0.5 to 0.6, from 0.5 to 0.7, from0.5 to 0.8, from 0.5 to 0.9, from 0.6 to 07, from 0.6 to 0.8, from 0.6to 0.9, from 0.6 to 1.0, from 0.7 to 0.8, from 0.7 to 0.9, from 0.7 to1.0, from 0.8 to 0.9, from 0.8 to 1.0, or from 0.9 to 1.0, or about 0.5,0.51, 0.52, 0.53, 0.54, 0.55, 0.56, 0.57, 0.58, 0.59, 0.6, 0.61, 0.62,0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.7, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74,0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.8, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86,0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98,0.99, or 1, for example. Increasing the amount of iron relative to theamount of silicon or the amount of silicon relative to the amount ofiron in an aluminum alloy may be useful for controlling particle sizes,concentrations, distributions, particle density, inter-particle spacing,and/or compositions of intermetallic particles in the aluminum alloy.Additionally, using increased amounts of iron in an aluminum alloy mayallow larger amounts of recycled source content to be used.

Sizes, concentrations, density, inter-particle spacing, compositions ofparticles, and/or distribution of intermetallic particles in thealuminum alloy may alternatively or additionally be controlled bysubjecting the aluminum alloy to suitable homogenization conditionsafter casting. For example, by homogenizing (soaking) the aluminum alloyat relatively long durations (e.g., more than about 12 hours or morethan about 24 hours), less favorable intermetallic particles may betransformed into more favorable particles. Such transformations may notoccur or not occur to a significant enough extent during short duration(e.g., less than about 24 hours or less than about 12 hours)homogenization to suitably impact the size, concentration,inter-particle spacing, distribution of intermetallic particles, and/orcomposition of enough numbers of particles. For example, by subjectingan aluminum alloy to long, high temperature homogenization, lessdesirable intermetallic particles can have their chemical and crystalstructures altered by diffusion of silicon into the particles and/ordiffusion of iron out of the particles.

Optionally, an aluminum alloy product comprises an aluminum alloycomprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon.Optionally, a ratio of an iron wt. % in the aluminum alloy to a siliconwt. % in the aluminum alloy is from 0.5 to 5.0, such as from 0.5 to 1.0,from 0.5 to 1.1, from 0.5 to 1.5, from 0.5 to 1.8, from 0.5 to 2.0, from0.5 to 2.5, from 0.5 to 3.0, from 0.5 to 3.5, from 0.5 to 4.0, from 0.5to 4.5, from 1.0 to 1.1, from 1.0 to 1.5, from 1.0 to 1.8, from 1.0 to2.0, from 1.0 to 2.5, from 1.0 to 3.0, from 1.0 to 3.5, from 1.0 to 4.0,from 1.0 to 4.5, from 1.0 to 5.0, from 1.1 to 1.5, from 1.1 to 1.8, from1.1 to 2.0, from 1.1 to 2.5, from 1.1 to 3.0, from 1.1 to 3.5, from 1.1to 4.0, from 1.1 to 4.5, from 1.1 to 5.0, from 1.5 to 1.8, from 1.5 to2.0, from 1.5 to 2.5, from 1.5 to 3.0, from 1.5 to 3.5, from 1.5 to 4.0,from 1.5 to 4.5, from 1.5 to 5.0, from 1.8 to 2.0, from 1.8 to 2.5, from1.8 to 3.0, from 1.8 to 3.5, from 1.8 to 4.0, from 1.8 to 4.5, from 1.8to 5.0, from 2.0 to 2.5, from 2.0 to 3.0, from 2.0 to 3.5, from 2.0 to4.0, from 2.0 to 4.5, from 2.0 to 5.0, from 2.5 to 3.0, from 2.5 to 3.5,from 2.5 to 4.0, from 2.5 to 4.5, from 2.5 to 5.0, from 3.0 to 3.5, from3.0 to 4.0, from 3.0 to 4.5, from 3.0 to 5.0, from 3.5 to 4.0, from 3.5to 4.5, from 3.5 to 5.0, from 4.0 to 4.5, from 4.0 to 5.0, or from 4.5to 5.0. Optionally, a ratio of a silicon wt. % to an iron wt. % in analuminum alloy products, such as comprising a 3xxx series aluminumalloy, may be from 0.5 to 1.0, such as from 0.5 to 0.55, from 0.5 to0.6, from 0.5 to 0.65, from 0.5 to 0.7, from 0.5 to 0.75, from 0.5 to0.8, from 0.5 to 0.85, from 0.5 to 0.9, from 0.5 to 0.95, from 0.55 to0.6, from 0.55 to 0.65, from 0.55 to 0.7, from 0.55 to 0.75, from 0.55to 0.8, from 0.55 to 0.85, from 0.55 to 0.9, from 0.55 to 0.95, from0.55 to 1.0, from 0.6 to 0.65, from 0.6 to 0.7, from 0.6 to 0.75, from0.6 to 0.8, from 0.6 to 0.85, from 0.6 to 0.9, from 0.6 to 0.95, from0.6 to 1, from 0.65 to 0.65, from 0.65 to 0.7, from 0.65 to 0.75, from0.65 to 0.8, from 0.65 to 0.85, from 0.65 to 0.9, from 0.65 to 0.95,from 0.65 to 1.0, from 0.7 to 0.75, from 0.7 to 0.8, from 0.7 to 0.85,from 0.7 to 0.95, from 0.7 to 1, from 0.75 to 0.8, from 0.75 to 0.85,from 0.75 to 0.9, from 0.75 to 0.95, from 0.75 to 1.0, from 0.8 to 0.85,from 0.8 to 0.9, from 0.8 to 0.95, from 0.8 to 1, from 0.85 to 0.9, from0.85 to 0.95, from 0.85 to 1.0, from 0.9 to 0.95, from 0.9 to 1, or from0.95 to 1.0. An example 3xxx series aluminum alloy may comprise from0.8-1.4 wt. % magnesium; from 0.8-1.3 wt. % manganese; up to 0.25 wt. %copper; from 0.4-0.7 wt. % silicon; up to 0.7 wt. % iron; up to 0.25 wt.% zinc; and aluminum.

In embodiments, the cast aluminum alloy product includes β-phaseintermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron ormanganese and/or α-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum,silicon, and one or more of iron or manganese. Optionally, a particledensity, such as of β-phase intermetallic particles and/or α-phaseintermetallic particles, may be from 5 to 30,000 particles per µm², suchas from 10 to 5,000, from 10 to 20,000, from 10 to 15,000, from 10 to10,000, from 10 to 9,500, from 10 to 9,000, from 10 to 8,500, from 10 to8,000, from 10 to 7,500, from 10 to 7,000, from 10 to 6,500, from 10 to6,000, from 10 to 5,500, from 10 to 5,000, from 10 to 4,500, from 10 to4,000, from 10 to 3,500, from 10 to 3,000, from 10 to 2,500, from 10 to2,000, from 10 to 1,500, from 10 to 1,000, from 10 to 950, from 10 to900, from 10 to 850, from 10 to 800, from 10 to 750, from 10 to 700,from 10 to 650, from 10 to 600, from 10 to 550, from 10 to 500, from 10to 450, from 10 to 400, from 10 to 350, from 10 to 300, from 10 to 250,from 10 to 200, from 10 to 150, from 10 to 100, from 10 to 75, from 10to 50, from 10 to 25, from 25 to 30,000, from 25 to 25,000, from 25 to20,000, from 25 to 15,000, from 25 to 10,000, from 25 to 9,500, from 25to 9,000, from 25 to 8,500, from 25 to 8,000, from 25 to 7,500, from 25to 7,000, from 25 to 6,500, from 25 to 6,000, from 25 to 5,500, from 25to 5,000, from 25 to 4,500, from 25 to 4,000, from 25 to 3,500, from 25to 3,000, from 25 to 2,500, from 25 to 2,000, from 25 to 1,500, from 25to 1,000, from 25 to 950, from 25 to 900, from 25 to 850, from 25 to800, from 25 to 750, from 25 to 700, from 25 to 650, from 25 to 600,from 25 to 550, from 25 to 500, from 25 to 450, from 25 to 400, from 25to 350, from 25 to 300, from 25 to 250, from 25 to 200, from 25 to 150,from 25 to 100, from 25 to 75, from 25 to 50, from 50 to 30,000, from 50to 25,000, from 50 to 20,000, from 50 to 15,000, from 50 to 10,000, from50 to 9,500, from 50 to 9,000, from 50 to 8,500, from 50 to 8,000, from50 to 7,500, from 50 to 7,000, from 50 to 6,500, from 50 to 6,000, from50 to 5,500, from 50 to 5,000, from 50 to 4,500, from 50 to 4,000, from50 to 3,500, from 50 to 3,000, from 50 to 2,500, from 50 to 2,000, from50 to 1,500, from 50 to 1,000, from 50 to 950, from 50 to 900, from 50to 850, from 50 to 800, from 50 to 750, from 50 to 700, from 50 to 650,from 50 to 600, from 50 to 550, from 50 to 500, from 50 to 450, from 50to 400, from 50 to 350, from 50 to 300, from 50 to 250, from 50 to 200,from 50 to 150, from 50 to 100, from 50 to 75, from 75 to 30,000, from75 to 25,000, from 75 to 20,000, from 75 to 15,000, from 75 to 10,000,from 75 to 9,500, from 75 to 9,000, from 75 to 8,500, from 75 to 8,000,from 75 to 7,500, from 75 to 7,000, from 75 to 6,500, from 75 to 6,000,from 75 to 5,500, from 75 to 5,000, from 75 to 4,500, from 75 to 4,000,from 75 to 3,500, from 75 to 3,000, from 75 to 2,500, from 75 to 2,000,from 75 to 1,500, from 75 to 1,000, from 75 to 950, from 75 to 900, from75 to 850, from 75 to 800, from 75 to 750, from 75 to 700, from 75 to650, from 75 to 600, from 75 to 550, from 75 to 500, from 75 to 450,from 75 to 400, from 75 to 350, from 75 to 300, from 75 to 250, from 75to 200, from 75 to 150, from 75 to 100, from 100 to 30,000, from 100 to25,000, from 100 to 20,000, from 100 to 15,000, from 100 to 10,000, from100 to 9,500, from 100 to 9,000, from 100 to 8,500, from 100 to 8,000,from 100 to 7,500, from 100 to 7,000, from 100 to 6,500, from 100 to6,000, from 100 to 5,500, from 100 to 5,000, from 100 to 4,500, from 100to 4,000, from 100 to 3,500, from 100 to 3,000, from 100 to 2,500, from100 to 2,000, from 100 to 1,500, from 100 to 1,000, from 100 to 950,from 100 to 900, from 100 to 850, from 100 to 800, from 100 to 750, from100 to 700, from 100 to 650, from 100 to 600, from 100 to 550, from 100to 500, from 100 to 450, from 100 to 400, from 100 to 350, from 100 to300, from 100 to 250, from 100 to 200, from 100 to 150, from 150 to30,000, from 150 to 25,000, from 150 to 20,000, from 150 to 15,000, from150 to 10,000, from 150 to 9,500, from 150 to 9,000, from 150 to 8,500,from 150 to 8,000, from 150 to 7,500, from 150 to 7,000, from 150 to6,500, from 150 to 6,000, from 150 to 5,500, from 150 to 5,000, from 150to 4,500, from 150 to 4,000, from 150 to 3,500, from 150 to 3,000, from150 to 2,500, from 150 to 2,000, from 150 to 1,500, from 150 to 1,000,from 150 to 950, from 150 to 900, from 150 to 850, from 150 to 800, from150 to 750, from 150 to 700, from 150 to 650, from 150 to 600, from 150to 550, from 150 to 500, from 150 to 450, from 150 to 400, from 150 to350, from 150 to 300, from 150 to 250, from 150 to 200, from 200 to30,000, from 200 to 25,000, from 200 to 20,000, from 200 to 15,000, from200 to 10,000, from 200 to 9,500, from 200 to 9,000, from 200 to 8,500,from 200 to 8,000, from 200 to 7,500, from 200 to 7,000, from 200 to6,500, from 200 to 6,000, from 200 to 5,500, from 200 to 5,000, from 200to 4,500, from 200 to 4,000, from 200 to 3,500, from 200 to 3,000, from200 to 2,500, from 200 to 2,000, from 200 to 1,500, from 200 to 1,000,from 200 to 950, from 200 to 900, from 200 to 850, from 200 to 800, from200 to 750, from 200 to 700, from 200 to 650, from 200 to 600, from 200to 550, from 200 to 500, from 200 to 450, from 200 to 400, from 200 to350, from 200 to 300, from 200 to 250, from 250 to 30,000, from 250 to25,000, from 250 to 20,000, from 250 to 15,000, from 250 to 10,000, from250 to 9,500, from 250 to 9,000, from 250 to 8,500, from 250 to 8,000,from 250 to 7,500, from 250 to 7,000, from 250 to 6,500, from 250 to6,000, from 250 to 5,500, from 250 to 5,000, from 250 to 4,500, from 250to 4,000, from 250 to 3,500, from 250 to 3,000, from 250 to 2,500, from250 to 2,000, from 250 to 1,500, from 250 to 1,000, from 250 to 950,from 250 to 900, from 250 to 850, from 250 to 800, from 250 to 750, from250 to 700, from 250 to 650, from 250 to 600, from 250 to 550, from 250to 500, from 250 to 450, from 250 to 400, from 250 to 350, from 250 to300, from 300 to 30,000, from 300 to 25,000, from 300 to 20,000, from300 to 15,000, from 300 to 10,000, from 300 to 9,500, from 300 to 9,000,from 300 to 8,500, from 300 to 8,000, from 300 to 7,500, from 300 to7,000, from 300 to 6,500, from 300 to 6,000, from 300 to 5,500, from 300to 5,000, from 300 to 4,500, from 300 to 4,000, from 300 to 3,500, from300 to 3,000, from 300 to 2,500, from 300 to 2,000, from 300 to 1,500,from 300 to 1,000, from 300 to 950, from 300 to 900, from 300 to 850,from 300 to 800, from 300 to 750, from 300 to 700, from 300 to 650, from300 to 600, from 300 to 550, from 300 to 500, from 300 to 450, from 300to 400, from 300 to 350, from 350 to 30,000, from 350 to 25,000, from350 to 20,000, from 350 to 15,000, from 350 to 10,000, from 350 to9,500, from 350 to 9,000, from 350 to 8,500, from 350 to 8,000, from 350to 7,500, from 350 to 7,000, from 350 to 6,500, from 350 to 6,000, from350 to 5,500, from 350 to 5,000, from 350 to 4,500, from 350 to 4,000,from 350 to 3,500, from 350 to 3,000, from 350 to 2,500, from 350 to2,000, from 350 to 1,500, from 350 to 1,000, from 350 to 950, from 350to 900, from 350 to 850, from 350 to 800, from 350 to 750, from 350 to700, from 350 to 650, from 350 to 600, from 350 to 550, from 350 to 500,from 350 to 450, from 350 to 400, from 400 to 30,000, from 400 to25,000, from 400 to 20,000, from 400 to 15,000, from 400 to 10,000, from400 to 9,500, from 400 to 9,000, from 400 to 8,500, from 400 to 8,000,from 400 to 7,500, from 400 to 7,000, from 400 to 6,500, from 400 to6,000, from 400 to 5,500, from 400 to 5,000, from 400 to 4,500, from 400to 4,000, from 400 to 3,500, from 400 to 3,000, from 400 to 2,500, from400 to 2,000, from 400 to 1,500, from 400 to 1,000, from 400 to 950,from 400 to 900, from 400 to 850, from 400 to 800, from 400 to 750, from400 to 700, from 400 to 650, from 400 to 600, from 400 to 550, from 400to 500, from 400 to 450, from 450 to 30,000, from 450 to 25,000, from450 to 20,000, from 450 to 15,000, from 450 to 10,000, from 450 to9,500, from 450 to 9,000, from 450 to 8,500, from 450 to 8,000, from 450to 7,500, from 450 to 7,000, from 450 to 6,500, from 450 to 6,000, from450 to 5,500, from 450 to 5,000, from 450 to 4,500, from 450 to 4,000,from 450 to 3,500, from 450 to 3,000, from 450 to 2,500, from 450 to2,000, from 450 to 1,500, from 450 to 1,000, from 450 to 950, from 450to 900, from 450 to 850, from 450 to 800, from 450 to 750, from 450 to700, from 450 to 650, from 450 to 600, from 450 to 550, from 450 to 500,from 500 to 30,000, from 500 to 25,000, from 500 to 20,000, from 500 to15,000, from 500 to 10,000, from 500 to 9,500, from 500 to 9,000, from500 to 8,500, from 500 to 8,000, from 500 to 7,500, from 500 to 7,000,from 500 to 6,500, from 500 to 6,000, from 500 to 5,500, from 500 to5,000, from 500 to 4,500, from 500 to 4,000, from 500 to 3,500, from 500to 3,000, from 500 to 2,500, from 500 to 2,000, from 500 to 1,500, from500 to 1,000, from 500 to 950, from 500 to 900, from 500 to 850, from500 to 800, from 500 to 750, from 500 to 700, from 500 to 650, from 500to 600, from 500 to 550, from 600 to 30,000, from 600 to 25,000, from600 to 20,000, from 600 to 15,000, from 600 to 10,000, from 600 to9,500, from 600 to 9,000, from 600 to 8,500, from 600 to 8,000, from 600to 7,500, from 600 to 7,000, from 600 to 6,500, from 600 to 6,000, from600 to 5,500, from 600 to 5,000, from 600 to 4,500, from 600 to 4,000,from 600 to 3,500, from 600 to 3,000, from 600 to 2,500, from 600 to2,000, from 600 to 1,500, from 600 to 1,000, from 600 to 950, from 600to 900, from 600 to 850, from 600 to 800, from 600 to 750, from 600 to700, from 600 to 650, from 700 to 30,000, from 700 to 25,000, from 700to 20,000, from 700 to 15,000, from 700 to 10,000, from 700 to 9,500,from 700 to 9,000, from 700 to 8,500, from 700 to 8,000, from 700 to7,500, from 700 to 7,000, from 700 to 6,500, from 700 to 6,000, from 700to 5,500, from 700 to 5,000, from 700 to 4,500, from 700 to 4,000, from700 to 3,500, from 700 to 3,000, from 700 to 2,500, from 700 to 2,000,from 700 to 1,500, from 700 to 1,000, from 700 to 950, from 700 to 900,from 700 to 850, from 700 to 800, from 700 to 750, from 800 to 30,000,from 800 to 25,000, from 800 to 20,000, from 800 to 15,000, from 800 to10,000, from 800 to 9,500, from 800 to 9,000, from 800 to 8,500, from800 to 8,000, from 800 to 7,500, from 800 to 7,000, from 800 to 6,500,from 800 to 6,000, from 800 to 5,500, from 800 to 5,000, from 800 to4,500, from 800 to 4,000, from 800 to 3,500, from 800 to 3,000, from 800to 2,500, from 800 to 2,000, from 800 to 1,500, from 800 to 1,000, from800 to 950, from 800 to 900, from 800 to 850, from 900 to 30,000, from900 to 25,000, from 900 to 20,000, from 900 to 15,000, from 900 to10,000, from 900 to 9,500, from 900 to 9,000, from 900 to 8,500, from900 to 8,000, from 900 to 7,500, from 900 to 7,000, from 900 to 6,500,from 900 to 6,000, from 900 to 5,500, from 900 to 5,000, from 900 to4,500, from 900 to 4,000, from 900 to 3,500, from 900 to 3,000, from 900to 2,500, from 900 to 2,000, from 900 to 1,500, from 900 to 1,000, from900 to 950, from 1,000 to 30,000, from 1,000 to 25,000, from 1,000 to20,000, from 1,000 to 15,000, from 1,000 to 10,000, from 1,000 to 9,500,from 1,000 to 9,000, from 1,000 to 8,500, from 1,000 to 8,000, from1,000 to 7,500, from 1,000 to 7,000, from 1,000 to 6,500, from 1,000 to6,000, from 1,000 to 5,500, from 1,000 to 5,000, from 1,000 to 4,500,from 1,000 to 4,000, from 1,000 to 3,500, from 1,000 to 3,000, from1,000 to 2,500, from 1,000 to 2,000, from 1,000 to 1,500, from 2,000 to30,000, from 2,000 to 25,000, from 2,000 to 20,000, from 2,000 to15,000, from 2,000 to 10,000, from 2,000 to 9,500, from 2,000 to 9,000,from 2,000 to 8,500, from 2,000 to 8,000, from 2,000 to 7,500, from2,000 to 7,000, from 2,000 to 6,500, from 2,000 to 6,000, from 2,000 to5,500, from 2,000 to 5,000, from 2,000 to 4,500, from 2,000 to 4,000,from 2,000 to 3,500, from 2,000 to 3,000, from 2,000 to 2,500, from3,000 to 30,000, from 3,000 to 25,000, from 3,000 to 20,000, from 3,000to 15,000, from 3,000 to 10,000, from 3,000 to 9,500, from 3,000 to9,000, from 3,000 to 8,500, from 3,000 to 8,000, from 3,000 to 7,500,from 3,000 to 7,000, from 3,000 to 6,500, from 3,000 to 6,000, from3,000 to 5,500, from 3,000 to 5,000, from 3,000 to 4,500, from 3,000 to4,000, from 3,000 to 3,500, from 4,000 to 30,000, from 4,000 to 25,000,from 4,000 to 20,000, from 4,000 to 15,000, from 4,000 to 10,000, from4,000 to 9,500, from 4,000 to 9,000, from 4,000 to 8,500, from 4,000 to8,000, from 4,000 to 7,500, from 4,000 to 7,000, from 4,000 to 6,500,from 4,000 to 6,000, from 4,000 to 5,500, from 4,000 to 5,000, from4,000 to 4,500, from 5,000 to 30,000, from 5,000 to 25,000, from 5,000to 20,000, from 5,000 to 15,000, from 5,000 to 10,000, from 5,000 to9,500, from 5,000 to 9,000, from 5,000 to 8,500, from 5,000 to 8,000,from 5,000 to 7,500, from 5,000 to 7,000, from 5,000 to 6,500, from5,000 to 6,000, from 5,000 to 5,500, from 6,000 to 30,000, from 6,000 to25,000, from 6,000 to 20,000, from 6,000 to 15,000, from 6,000 to10,000, from 6,000 to 9,500, from 6,000 to 9,000, from 6,000 to 8,500,from 6,000 to 8,000, from 6,000 to 7,500, from 6,000 to 7,000, from6,000 to 6,500, from 7,000 to 30,000, from 7,000 to 25,000, from 7,000to 20,000, from 7,000 to 15,000, from 7,000 to 10,000, from 7,000 to9,500, from 7,000 to 9,000, from 7,000 to 8,500, from 7,000 to 8,000,from 7,000 to 7,500, from 8,000 to 30,000, from 8,000 to 25,000, from8,000 to 20,000, from 8,000 to 15,000, from 8,000 to 10,000, from 8,000to 9,500, from 8,000 to 9,000, from 8,000 to 8,500, from 9,000 to30,000, from 9,000 to 25,000, from 9,000 to 20,000, from 9,000 to15,000, from 9,000 to 10,000, from 9,000 to 9,500, from 10,000 to30,000, from 10,000 to 25,000, from 10,000 to 20,000, from 10,000 to15,000, from 15,000 to 30,000, from 15,000 to 25,000, from 15,000 to20,000, from 20,000 to 30,000, from 20,000 to 25,000, or from 25,000 to30,000.

Optionally, an inter-particle spacing for the plurality of particles maybe from 1 µm to 25 µm, such as from 1 µm to 2 µm, from 1 µm to 3 µm,from 1 µm to 4 µm, from 1 µm to 5 µm, from 1 µm to 6 µm, from 1 µm to 7µm, from 1 µm to 8 µm, from 1 µm to 9 µm, from 1 µm to 10 µm, from 1 µmto 11 µm, from 1 µm to 12 µm, from 1 µm to 13 µm, from 1 µm to 14 µm,from 1 µm to 15 µm, from 1 µm to 16 µm, from 1 µm to 17 µm, from 1 µm to18 µm, from 1 µm to 19 µm, from 1 µm to 20 µm, from 1 µm to 21 µm, from1 µm to 22 µm, from 1 µm to 23 µm, from 1 µm to 24 µm, from 2 µm to 3µm, from 2 µm to 4 µm, from 2 µm to 5 µm, from 2 µm to 6 µm, from 2 µmto 7 µm, from 2 µm to 8 µm, from 2 µm to 9 µm, from 2 µm to 10 µm, from2 µm to 11 µm, from 2 µm to 12 µm, from 2 µm to 13 µm, from 2 µm to 14µm, from 2 µm to 15 µm, from 2 µm to 16 µm, from 2 µm to 17 µm, from 2µm to 18 µm, from 2 µm to 19 µm, from 2 µm to 20 µm, from 2 µm to 21 µm,from 2 µm to 22 µm, from 2 µm to 23 µm, from 2 µm to 24 µm, from 2 µm to25 µm, from 3 µm to 4 µm, from 3 µm to 5 µm, from 3 µm to 6 µm, from 3µm to 7 µm, from 3 µm to 8 µm, from 3 µm to 9 µm, from 3 µm to 10 µm,from 3 µm to 11 µm, from 3 µm to 12 µm, from 3 µm to 13 µm, from 3 µm to14 µm, from 3 µm to 15 µm, from 3 µm to 16 µm, from 3 µm to 17 µm, from3 µm to 18 µm, from 3 µm to 19 µm, from 3 µm to 20 µm, from 3 µm to 21µm, from 3 µm to 22 µm, from 3 µm to 23 µm, from 3 µm to 24 µm, from 3µm to 25 µm, from 4 µm to 5 µm, from 4 µm to 6 µm, from 4 µm to 7 µm,from 4 µm to 8 µm, from 4 µm to 9 µm, from 4 µm to 10 µm, from 4 µm to11 µm, from 4 µm to 12 µm, from 4 µm to 13 µm, from 4 µm to 14 µm, from4 µm to 15 µm, from 4 µm to 16 µm, from 4 µm to 17 µm, from 4 µm to 18µm, from 4 µm to 19 µm, from 4 µm to 20 µm, from 4 µm to 21 µm, from 4µm to 22 µm, from 4 µm to 23 µm, from 4 µm to 24 µm, from 4 µm to 25 µm,from 5 µm to 6 µm, from 5 µm to 7 µm, from 5 µm to 8 µm, from 5 µm to 9µm, from 5 µm to 10 µm, from 5 µm to 11 µm, from 5 µm to 12 µm, from 5µm to 13 µm, from 5 µm to 14 µm, from 5 µm to 15 µm, from 5 µm to 16 µm,from 5 µm to 17 µm, from 5 µm to 18 µm, from 5 µm to 19 µm, from 5 µm to20 µm, from 5 µm to 21 µm, from 5 µm to 22 µm, from 5 µm to 23 µm, from5 µm to 24 µm, from 5 µm to 25 µm, from 6 µm to 7 µm, from 6 µm to 8 µm,from 6 µm to 9 µm, from 6 µm to 10 µm, from 6 µm to 11 µm, from 6 µm to12 µm, from 6 µm to 13 µm, from 6 µm to 14 µm, from 6 µm to 15 µm, from6 µm to 16 µm, from 6 µm to 17 µm, from 6 µm to 18 µm, from 6 µm to 19µm, from 6 µm to 20 µm, from 6 µm to 21 µm, from 6 µm to 22 µm, from 6µm to 23 µm, from 6 µm to 24 µm, from 6 µm to 25 µm, from 7 µm to 8 µm,from 7 µm to 9 µm, from 7 µm to 10 µm, from 7 µm to 11 µm, from 7 µm to12 µm, from 7 µm to 13 µm, from 7 µm to 14 µm, from 7 µm to 15 µm, from7 µm to 16 µm, from 7 µm to 17 µm, from 7 µm to 18 µm, from 7 µm to 19µm, from 7 µm to 20 µm, from 7 µm to 21 µm, from 7 µm to 22 µm, from 7µm to 23 µm, from 7 µm to 24 µm, from 7 µm to 25 µm, from 8 µm to 9 µm,from 8 µm to 10 µm, from 8 µm to 11 µm, from 8 µm to 12 µm, from 8 µm to13 µm, from 8 µm to 14 µm, from 8 µm to 15 µm, from 8 µm to 16 µm, from8 µm to 17 µm, from 8 µm to 18 µm, from 8 µm to 19 µm, from 8 µm to 20µm, from 8 µm to 21 µm, from 8 µm to 22 µm, from 8 µm to 23 µm, from 8µm to 24 µm, from 8 µm to 25 µm, from 9 µm to 10 µm, from 9 µm to 11 µm,from 9 µm to 12 µm, from 9 µm to 13 µm, from 9 µm to 14 µm, from 9 µm to15 µm , from 9 µm to 16 µm, from 9 µm to 17 µm, from 9 µm to 18 µm, from9 µm to 19 µm, from 9 µm to 20 µm, from 9 µm to 21 µm, from 9 µm to 22µm, from 9 µm to 23 µm, from 9 µm to 24 µm, from 9 µm to 25 µm, from 10µm to 11 µm, from 10 µm to 12 µm, from 10 µm to 13 µm, from 10 µm to 14µm, from 10 µm to 15 µm, from 10 µm to 16 µm, from 10 µm to 17 µm, from10 µm to 18 µm, from 10 µm to 19 µm, from 10 µm to 20 µm, from 10 µm to21 µm, from 10 µm to 22 µm, from 10 µm to 23 µm, from 10 µm to 24 µm,from 10 µm to 25 µm, from 11 µm to 12 µm, from 11 µm to 13 µm, from 11µm to 14 µm, from 11 µm to 15 µm, from 11 µm to 16 µm, from 11 µm to 17µm, from 11 µm to 18 µm, from 11 µm to 19 µm, from 11 µm to 20 µm, from11 µm to 21 µm, from 11 µm to 22 µm, from 11 µm to 23 µm, from 11 µm to24 µm, from 11 µm to 25 µm, from 12 µm to 13 µm, from 12 µm to 14 µm,from 12 µm to 15 µm, from 12 µm to 16 µm, from 12 µm to 17 µm, from 12µm to 18 µm, from 12 µm to 19 µm, from 12 µm to 20 µm, from 12 µm to 21µm, from 12 µm to 22 µm, from 12 µm to 23 µm, from 12 µm to 24 µm, from12 µm to 25 µm, from 13 µm to 14 µm, from 13 µm to 15 µm, from 13 µm to16 µm, from 13 µm to 17 µm, from 13 µm to 18 µm, from 13 µm to 19 µm,from 13 µm to 20 µm, from 13 µm to 21 µm, from 13 µm to 22 µm, from 13µm to 23 µm, from 13 µm to 24 µm, from 13 µm to 25 µm, from 14 µm to 15µm, from 14 µm to 16 µm, from 14 µm to 17 µm, from 14 µm to 18 µm, from14 µm to 19 µm, from 14 µm to 20 µm, from 14 µm to 21 µm, from 14 µm to22 µm, from 14 µm to 23 µm, from 14 µm to 24 µm, from 14 µm to 25 µm,from 15 µm to 16 µm, from 15 µm to 17 µm, from 15 µm to 18 µm, from 15µm to 19 µm, from 15 µm to 20 µm, from 15 µm to 21 µm, from 15 µm to 22µm, from 15 µm to 23 µm, from 15 µm to 24 µm, from 15 µm to 25 µm, from16 µm to 17 µm, from 16 µm to 18 µm, from 16 µm to 19 µm, from 16 µm to20 µm, from 16 µm to 21 µm, from 16 µm to 22 µm, from 16 µm to 23 µm,from 16 µm to 24 µm, from 16 µm to 25 µm, from 17 µm to 18 µm, from 17µm to 19 µm, from 17 µm to 20 µm, from 17 µm to 21 µm, from 17 µm to 22µm, from 17 µm to 23 µm, from 17 µm to 24 µm, from 17 µm to 25 µm, from18 µm to 19 µm, from 18 µm to 20 µm, from 18 µm to 21 µm, from 18 µm to22 µm, from 18 µm to 23 µm, from 18 µm to 24 µm, from 18 µm to 25 µm,from 19 µm to 20 µm, from 19 µm to 21 µm, from 19 µm to 22 µm, from 19µm to 23 µm, from 19 µm to 24 µm, from 19 µm to 25 µm, from 20 µm to 21µm, from 20 µm to 22 µm, from 20 µm to 23 µm, from 20 µm to 24 µm, from20 µm to 25 µm, from 21 µm to 22 µm, from 21 µm to 23 µm, from 21 µm to24 µm, from 21 µm to 25 µm, from 22 µm to 23 µm, from 22 µm to 24 µm,from 22 µm to 25 µm, from 23 µm to 24 µm, from 23 µm to 25 µm, or from24 µm to 25 µm.

Optionally, the plurality of particles may have diameters of from 100 nmto 50 µm or 500 nm to 10 µm or 100 nm to 1 µm, such as from 100 nm to200 nm, from 100 nm to 300 nm, from 100 nm to 400 nm, from 100 nm to 500nm, from 100 nm to 600 nm, from 100 nm to 700 nm, from 100 nm to 800 nm,from 100 nm to 900 nm, from 200 nm to 300 nm, from 200 nm to 400 nm,from 200 nm to 500 nm, from 200 nm to 600 nm, from 200 nm to 700 nm,from 200 nm to 800 nm, from 200 nm to 900 nm, from 200 nm to 1 µm, from300 nm to 400 nm, from 300 nm to 500 nm, from 300 nm to 600 nm, from 300nm to 700 nm, from 300 nm to 800 nm, from 300 nm to 900 nm, from 300 nmto 1 µm, from 400 nm to 500 nm, from 400 nm to 600 nm, from 400 nm to700 nm, from 400 nm to 800 nm, from 400 nm to 900 nm, from 400 nm to 1µm, from 500 nm to 600 nm, from 500 nm to 700 nm, from 500 nm to 800 nm,from 500 nm to 900 nm, from 500 nm to 1 µm, from 600 nm to 700 nm, from600 nm to 800 nm, from 600 nm to 900 nm, from 600 nm to 1 µm, from 700nm to 800 nm, from 700 nm to 900 nm, from 700 nm to 1 µm, from 800 nm to900 nm, from 800 nm to 1 µm, or from 900 nm to 1 µm. Optionally, theplurality of particles may have diameters of from 500 nm to 50 µm.

The composition of the aluminum alloy for the aluminum alloy productsdescribed above may optionally comprise from 0.1 wt. % to 1.0 wt. % iron(Fe), from 0.05 wt. % to 0.8 wt. % silicon (Si), from 0.2 wt. % to 2.0wt. % manganese (Mn), from 0.2 wt. % to 2.0 wt. % magnesium (Mg), up to0.5 wt. % copper (Cu), up to 0.05 wt. % zinc (Zn), and aluminum (Al).The composition of the aluminum alloy for the aluminum alloy productsdescribed above may comprise up to 0.15 wt. % impurities. Optionally, aremainder may be aluminum. Optionally, the composition of the aluminumalloy for the aluminum alloy products described above may comprise from0.2 wt. % to 0.8 wt. % iron, from 0.10 wt. % to 0.7 wt. % silicon, from0.6 wt. % to 1.0 wt. % manganese, from 0.7 wt. % to 1.0 wt. % magnesium,up to 0.25 wt. % copper, up to 0.2 wt. % zinc, up to 0.10 wt. % titanium(Ti), up to 0.10 wt. % chromium (Cr), up to 0.10 wt. % zirconium (Zr),up to 0.10 wt. % vanadium (V), and aluminum. Optionally, the compositionof the aluminum alloy for the aluminum alloy products described abovemay comprise from 0.3 wt. % to 0.7 wt. % iron, from 0.15 wt. % to 0.5wt. % silicon, from 0.8 wt. % to 1.2 wt. % manganese, from 0.9 wt. % to1.2 wt. % magnesium, from 0.1 wt. % to 0.2 wt. % copper, up to 0.15 wt.% zinc, up to 0.08 wt. % titanium, up to 0.05 wt. % chromium, up to 0.05wt. % zirconium, up to 0.05 wt. % vanadium, and aluminum.

In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy may include a 3xxx seriesaluminum alloy. In such embodiments, the aluminum alloy may optionallycomprise from 0.8 wt. % to 1.4 wt. % magnesium, from 0.8 wt. % to 1.3wt. % manganese, up to 0.25 wt. % copper, from 0.25 wt. % to 0.7 wt. %iron, up to 0.7 wt.%, and up to 0.25 wt. % zinc. The remainder may bealuminum.

The aluminum alloys for the aluminum alloy products described above mayoptionally include α-phase intermetallic particles comprising from 0.5%to 4.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy, such as from 0.5 to 1.0, from0.5 to 1.5, from 0.5 to 2.0, from 0.5 to 2.5, from 0.5 to 3.0, from 0.5to 3.5, from 1.0 to 1.5, from 1.0 to 2.0, from 1.0 to 2.5, from 1.0 to3.0, from 1.0 to 3.5, from 1.0 to 4.0, from 1.5 to 2.0, from 1.5 to 2.5,from 1.5 to 3.0, from 1.5 to 3.5, from 1.5 to 4.0, from 2.0 to 2.5, from2.0 to 3.0, from 2.0 to 3.5, from 2.0 to 4.0, from 2.5 to 3.0, from 2.5to 3.5, from 2.5 to 4.0, from 3.0 to 3.5, from 3.0 to 4.0, or from 3.5to 4.0. The aluminum alloys for the aluminum alloy products describedabove may include β-phase intermetallic particles comprising from 0% to2.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy, such as from 0 to 0.5, from 0 to1.0, from 0 to 1.5, from 0.5 to 1.0, from 0.5 to 1.5, from 0.5 to 2.0,from 1.0 to 1.5, from 1.0 to 2.0, or from 1.5 to 2.0. Optionally, thealuminum alloys for the aluminum alloy products described above mayinclude α-phase intermetallic particles comprising Al₁₅(Fe,Mn)₃Si₂.Optionally, the aluminum alloys for the aluminum alloy productsdescribed above may include β-phase intermetallic particles comprisingAl₆(Fe,Mn).

Optionally, the aluminum alloys for the aluminum alloy productsdescribed above may include a ratio of an α-phase intermetallic particlenumber density to a β-phase intermetallic particle number density isfrom 0.2 to 1,000 or a ratio of a volume % of the α-phase intermetallicparticles to a volume % of the β-phase intermetallic particles is from0.6 to 1,000.

Optionally, the aluminum alloys for the aluminum alloy productsdescribed above may include a ratio of the α-phase intermetallicparticle number density to the β-phase intermetallic particle numberdensity from 0.3 to 3, such as from 0.3 to 0.4, from 0.3 to 0.5, from0.3 to 0.6, from 0.3 to 0.7, from 0.3 to 0.8, from 0.3 to 0.9, from 0.3to 1.0, from 0.3 to 1.1, from 0.3 to 1.2, from 0.3 to 1.3, from 0.3 to1.4, from 0.3 to 1.5, from 0.3 to 1.6, from 0.3 to 1.7, from 0.3 to 1.8,from 0.3 to 1.9, from 0.3 to 2.0, from 0.3 to 2.1, from 0.3 to 2.2, from0.3 to 2.3, from 0.3 to 2.4, from 0.3 to 2.5, from 0.3 to 2.6, from 0.3to 2.7, from 0.3 to 2.8, from 0.3 to 2.9, from 0.4 to 0.5, from 0.4 to0.6, from 0.4 to 0.7, from 0.4 to 0.8, from 0.4 to 0.9, from 0.4 to 1.0,from 0.4 to 1.1, from 0.4 to 1.2, from 0.4 to 1.3, from 0.4 to 1.4, from0.4 to 1.5, from 0.4 to 1.6, from 0.4 to 1.7, from 0.4 to 1.8, from 0.4to 1.9, from 0.4 to 2.0, from 0.4 to 2.1, from 0.4 to 2.2, from 0.4 to2.3, from 0.4 to 2.4, from 0.4 to 2.5, from 0.4 to 2.6, from 0.4 to 2.7,from 0.4 to 2.8, from 0.4 to 2.9, from 0.4 to 3, from 0.5 to 0.6, from0.5 to 0.7, from 0.5 to 0.8, from 0.5 to 0.9, from 0.5 to 1.0, from 0.5to 1.1, from 0.5 to 1.2, from 0.5 to 1.3, from 0.5 to 1.4, from 0.5 to1.5, from 0.5 to 1.6, from 0.5 to 1.7, from 0.5 to 1.8, from 0.5 to 1.9,from 0.5 to 2.0, from 0.5 to 2.1, from 0.5 to 2.2, from 0.5 to 2.3, from0.5 to 2.4, from 0.5 to 2.5, from 0.5 to 2.6, from 0.5 to 2.7, from 0.5to 2.8, from 0.5 to 2.9, from 0.5 to 3, from 0.6 to 0.7, from 0.6 to0.8, from 0.6 to 0.9, from 0.6 to 1.0, from 0.6 to 1.1, from 0.6 to 1.2,from 0.6 to 1.3, from 0.6 to 1.4, from 0.6 to 1.5, from 0.6 to 1.6, from0.6 to 1.7, from 0.6 to 1.8, from 0.6 to 1.9, from 0.6 to 2.0, from 0.6to 2.1, from 0.6 to 2.2, from 0.6 to 2.3, from 0.6 to 2.4, from 0.6 to2.5, from 0.6 to 2.6, from 0.6 to 2.7, from 0.6 to 2.8, from 0.6 to 2.9,from 0.6 to 3, from 0.7 to 0.8, from 0.7 to 0.9, from 0.7 to 1.0, from0.7 to 1.1, from 0.7 to 1.2, from 0.7 to 1.3, from 0.7 to 1.4, from 0.7to 1.5, from 0.7 to 1.6, from 0.7 to 1.7, from 0.7 to 1.8, from 0.7 to1.9, from 0.7 to 2.0, from 0.7 to 2.1, from 0.7 to 2.2, from 0.7 to 2.3,from 0.7 to 2.4, from 0.7 to 2.5, from 0.7 to 2.6, from 0.7 to 2.7, from0.7 to 2.8, from 0.7 to 2.9, from 0.7 to 3, from 0.8 to 0.9, from 0.8 to1.0, from 0.8 to 1.1, from 0.8 to 1.2, from 0.8 to 1.3, from 0.8 to 1.4,from 0.8 to 1.5, from 0.8 to 1.6, from 0.8 to 1.7, from 0.8 to 1.8, from0.8 to 1.9, from 0.8 to 2.0, from 0.8 to 2.1, from 0.8 to 2.2, from 0.8to 2.3, from 0.8 to 2.4, from 0.8 to 2.5, from 0.8 to 2.6, from 0.8 to2.7, from 0.8 to 2.8, from 0.8 to 2.9, from 0.8 to 3, from 0.9 to 1.0,from 0.9 to 1.1, from 0.9 to 1.2, from 0.9 to 1.3, from 0.9 to 1.4, from0.9 to 1.5, from 0.9 to 1.6, from 0.9 to 1.7, from 0.9 to 1.8, from 0.9to 1.9, from 0.9 to 2.0, from 0.9 to 2.1, from 0.9 to 2.2, from 0.9 to2.3, from 0.9 to 2.4, from 0.9 to 2.5, from 0.9 to 2.6, from 0.9 to 2.7,from 0.9 to 2.8, from 0.9 to 2.9, from 0.9 to 3, from 1.0 to 1.1, from1.0 to 1.2, from 1.0 to 1.3, from 1.0 to 1.4, from 1.0 to 1.5, from 1.0to 1.6, from 1.0 to 1.7, from 1.0 to 1.8, from 1.0 to 1.9, from 1.0 to2.0, from 1.0 to 2.1, from 1.0 to 2.2, from 1.0 to 2.3, from 1.0 to 2.4,from 1.0 to 2.5, from 1.0 to 2.6, from 1.0 to 2.7, from 1.0 to 2.8, from1.0 to 2.9, from 1.0 to 3, from 1.1 to 1.2, from 1.1 to 1.3, from 1.1 to1.4, from 1.1 to 1.5, from 1.1 to 1.6, from 1.1 to 1.7, from 1.1 to 1.8,from 1.1 to 1.9, from 1.1 to 2.0, from 1.1 to 2.1, from 1.1 to 2.2, from1.1 to 2.3, from 1.1 to 2.4, from 1.1 to 2.5, from 1.1 to 2.6, from 1.1to 2.7, from 1.1 to 2.8, from 1.1 to 2.9, from 1.1 to 3, from 1.2 to1.3, from 1.2 to 1.4, from 1.2 to 1.5, from 1.2 to 1.6, from 1.2 to 1.7,from 1.2 to 1.8, from 1.2 to 1.9, from 1.2 to 2.0, from 1.2 to 2.1, from1.2 to 2.2, from 1.2 to 2.3, from 1.2 to 2.4, from 1.2 to 2.5, from 1.2to 2.6, from 1.2 to 2.7, from 1.2 to 2.8, from 1.2 to 2.9, from 1.2 to3, from 1.3 to 1.4, from 1.3 to 1.5, from 1.3 to 1.6, from 1.3 to 1.7,from 1.3 to 1.8, from 1.3 to 1.9, from 1.3 to 2.0, from 1.3 to 2.1, from1.3 to 2.2, from 1.3 to 2.3, from 1.3 to 2.4, from 1.3 to 2.5, from 1.3to 2.6, from 1.3 to 2.7, from 1.3 to 2.8, from 1.3 to 2.9, from 1.3 to3, from 1.4 to 1.5, from 1.4 to 1.6, from 1.4 to 1.7, from 1.4 to 1.8,from 1.4 to 1.9, from 1.4 to 2.0, from 1.4 to 2.1, from 1.4 to 2.2, from1.4 to 2.3, from 1.4 to 2.4, from 1.4 to 2.5, from 1.4 to 2.6, from 1.4to 2.7, from 1.4 to 2.8, from 1.4 to 2.9, from 1.4 to 3, from 1.5 to1.6, from 1.5 to 1.7, from 1.5 to 1.8, from 1.5 to 1.9, from 1.5 to 2.0,from 1.5 to 2.1, from 1.5 to 2.2, from 1.5 to 2.3, from 1.5 to 2.4, from1.5 to 2.5, from 1.5 to 2.6, from 1.5 to 2.7, from 1.5 to 2.8, from 1.5to 2.9, from 1.5 to 3, from 1.6 to 1.7, from 1.6 to 1.8, from 1.6 to1.9, from 1.6 to 2.0, from 1.6 to 2.1, from 1.6 to 2.2, from 1.6 to 2.3,from 1.6 to 2.4, from 1.6 to 2.5, from 1.6 to 2.6, from 1.6 to 2.7, from1.6 to 2.8, from 1.6 to 2.9, from 1.6 to 3, from 1.7 to 1.8, from 1.7 to1.9, from 1.7 to 2.0, from 1.7 to 2.1, from 1.7 to 2.2, from 1.7 to 2.3,from 1.7 to 2.4, from 1.7 to 2.5, from 1.7 to 2.6, from 1.7 to 2.7, from1.7 to 2.8, from 1.7 to 2.9, from 1.7 to 3, from 1.8 to 1.9, from 1.8 to2.0, from 1.8 to 2.1, from 1.8 to 2.2, from 1.8 to 2.3, from 1.8 to 2.4,from 1.8 to 2.5, from 1.8 to 2.6, from 1.8 to 2.7, from 1.8 to 2.8, from1.8 to 2.9, from 1.8 to 3, from 1.9 to 2.0, from 1.9 to 2.1, from 1.9 to2.2, from 1.9 to 2.3, from 1.9 to 2.4, from 1.9 to 2.5, from 1.9 to 2.6,from 1.9 to 2.7, from 1.9 to 2.8, from 1.9 to 2.9, from 1.9 to 3, from2.0 to 2.1, from 2.0 to 2.2, from 2.0 to 2.3, from 2.0 to 2.4, from 2.0to 2.5, from 2.0 to 2.6, from 2.0 to 2.7, from 2.0 to 2.8, from 2.0 to2.9, from 2.0 to 3, from 2.1 to 2.2, from 2.1 to 2.3, from 2.1 to 2.4,from 2.1 to 2.5, from 2.1 to 2.6, from 2.1 to 2.7, from 2.1 to 2.8, from2.1 to 2.9, from 2.1 to 3, from 2.2 to 2.3, from 2.2 to 2.4, from 2.2 to2.5, from 2.2 to 2.6, from 2.2 to 2.7, from 2.2 to 2.8, from 2.2 to 2.9,from 2.2 to 3, from 2.3 to 2.4, from 2.3 to 2.5, from 2.3 to 2.6, from2.3 to 2.7, from 2.3 to 2.8, from 2.3 to 2.9, from 2.3 to 3, from 2.4 to2.5, from 2.4 to 2.6, from 2.4 to 2.7, from 2.4 to 2.8, from 2.4 to 2.9,from 2.4 to 3, from 2.5 to 2.6, from 2.5 to 2.6, from 2.5 to 2.7, from2.5 to 2.8, from 2.5 to 2.9, from 2.5 to 3, from 2.6 to 2.7, from 2.6 to2.8, from 2.6 to 2.9, from 2.6 to 3, from 2.7 to 2.8, from 2.7 to 2.9,from 2.7 to 3, from 2.8 to 2.9, from 2.8 to 3, or from 2.9 to 3.

Optionally, the aluminum alloy products described above may include aplurality of particles, where 80 percent or more of the inter-particlespacings between particles are from 5 µm to 15 µm. Optionally, theplurality of particles may include iron-containing particles, such asiron-containing particles where a majority have a diameter from 1 µm to40 µm. Optionally, the iron-containing particles may comprise from 1% to4% of a total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Optionally, the aluminum alloys for the aluminum alloy productsdescribed above may comprise or further comprise manganese-containingdispersoids, such as where a majority of the manganese-containingdispersoids have a diameter of from 10 nm to 1.5 µm. Optionally, themanganese-containing dispersoids may comprise up to 1% of a total volumeof the aluminum alloy. In some cases, dispersoids are not included incounts of particles of other types, such as α-phase particles and/orβ-phase particles, and/or may optionally be counted separately fromother types of particles.

Metal products, such as aluminum alloy products, are also describedherein. In some embodiments, a metal product may be prepared by any ofthe methods described herein. In some specific embodiments, a metalproduct comprises a homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy includingaluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, such as with a ratioof a silicon wt. % in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy to aniron wt. % in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy of from 0.5 to1.0, and including α-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum,silicon, and one or more of iron or manganese and optionally β-phaseintermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron ormanganese, with at least a portion of the α-phase intermetallicparticles corresponding to β-phase intermetallic particles transformedduring homogenization of the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy.Optionally a ratio of a volume % and/or a number density of the α-phaseintermetallic particles to a volume % or a number density of the β-phaseintermetallic particles is from 0.6 to 1000, or more.

In another aspect, methods of making aluminum alloy products aredescribed. An example method of this aspect comprises preparing a castaluminum alloy product comprising an aluminum alloy, such as an aluminumalloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon; andhomogenizing the cast aluminum alloy product to form a homogenizedaluminum alloy product. Various homogenization conditions are usefulwith the methods described herein. Optionally, homogenizing may includeheating the cast aluminum alloy product to a homogenization temperature,such as a homogenization temperature that is between 500° C. to 650° C.,such as from 500° C. to 510° C., from 500° C. to 520° C., from 500° C.to 530° C., from 500° C. to 540° C., from 500° C. to 550° C., from 500°C. to 560° C., from 500° C. to 570° C., from 500° C. to 575° C., from500° C. to 580° C., from 500° C. to 585° C., from 500° C. to 590° C.,from 500° C. to 600° C., from 500° C. to 610° C., from 500° C. to 615°C., from 500° C. to 620° C., from 500° C. to 630° C., from 500° C. to640° C., from 510° C. to 520° C., from 510° C. to 530° C., from 510° C.to 540° C., from 510° C. to 550° C., from 510° C. to 560° C., from 510°C. to 570° C., from 510° C. to 575° C., from 510° C. to 580° C., from510° C. to 585° C., from 510° C. to 590° C., from 510° C. to 600° C.,from 510° C. to 610° C., from 510° C. to 615° C., from 510° C. to 620°C., from 510° C. to 630° C., from 510° C. to 640° C., from 510° C. to650° C., from 520° C. to 530° C., from 520° C. to 540° C., from 520° C.to 550° C., from 520° C. to 560° C., from 520° C. to 570° C., from 520°C. to 575° C., from 520° C. to 580° C., from 520° C. to 585° C., from520° C. to 590° C., from 520° C. to 600° C., from 520° C. to 610° C.,from 520° C. to 615° C., from 520° C. to 620° C., from 520° C. to 630°C., from 520° C. to 640° C., from 520° C. to 650° C., from 530° C. to540° C., from 530° C. to 550° C., from 530° C. to 560° C., from 530° C.to 570° C., from 530° C. to 575° C., from 530° C. to 580° C., from 530°C. to 585° C., from 530° C. to 590° C., from 530° C. to 600° C., from530° C. to 610° C., from 530° C. to 615° C., from 530° C. to 620° C.,from 530° C. to 630° C., from 530° C. to 640° C., from 530° C. to 650°C., from 540° C. to 550° C., from 540° C. to 560° C., from 540° C. to570° C., from 540° C. to 575° C., from 540° C. to 580° C., from 540° C.to 585° C., from 540° C. to 590° C., from 540° C. to 600° C., from 540°C. to 610° C., from 540° C. to 615° C., from 540° C. to 620° C., from540° C. to 630° C., from 540° C. to 640° C., from 540° C. to 650° C.,from 550° C. to 560° C., from 550° C. to 570° C., from 550° C. to 575°C., from 550° C. to 580° C., from 550° C. to 585° C., from 550° C. to590° C., from 550° C. to 600° C., from 550° C. to 610° C., from 550° C.to 615° C., from 550° C. to 620° C., from 550° C. to 630° C., from 550°C. to 640° C., from 550° C. to 650° C., from 560° C. to 570° C., from560° C. to 575° C., from 560° C. to 580° C., from 560° C. to 585° C.,from 560° C. to 590° C., from 560° C. to 600° C., from 560° C. to 610°C., from 560° C. to 615° C., from 560° C. to 620° C., from 560° C. to630° C., from 560° C. to 640° C., from 560° C. to 650° C., from 570° C.to 575° C., from 570° C. to 580° C., from 570° C. to 585° C., from 570°C. to 590° C., from 570° C. to 600° C., from 570° C. to 610° C., from570° C. to 615° C., from 570° C. to 620° C., from 570° C. to 630° C.,from 570° C. to 640° C., from 570° C. to 650° C., from 575° C. to 580°C., from 575° C. to 585° C., from 575° C. to 590° C., from 575° C. to600° C., from 575° C. to 610° C., from 575° C. to 615° C., from 575° C.to 620° C., from 575° C. to 630° C., from 575° C. to 640° C., from 575°C. to 650° C., from 580° C. to 585° C., from 580° C. to 590° C., from580° C. to 600° C., from 580° C. to 610° C., from 580° C. to 615° C.,from 580° C. to 620° C., from 580° C. to 630° C., from 580° C. to 640°C., from 580° C. to 650° C., from 585° C. to 590° C., from 585° C. to600° C., from 585° C. to 610° C., from 585° C. to 615° C., from 585° C.to 620° C., from 585° C. to 630° C., from 585° C. to 640° C., from 585°C. to 650° C., from 590° C. to 600° C., from 590° C. to 610° C., from590° C. to 615° C., from 590° C. to 620° C., from 590° C. to 630° C.,from 590° C. to 640° C., from 590° C. to 650° C., from 600° C. to 610°C., from 600° C. to 615° C., from 600° C. to 620° C., from 600° C. to630° C., from 600° C. to 640° C., from 600° C. to 650° C., from 610° C.to 615° C., from 610° C. to 620° C., from 610° C. to 630° C., from 610°C. to 640° C., from 610° C. to 650° C., from 615° C. to 620° C., from615° C. to 630° C., from 615° C. to 640° C., from 615° C. to 650° C.,from 620° C. to 630° C., from 620° C. to 640° C., from 620° C. to 650°C., from 630° C. to 640° C., from 630° C. to 650° C., or from 640° C. to650° C. The homogenization temperature may optionally be within 75° C.of a solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy, such as within 70° C. ofa solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy, within 65° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 60° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 55° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 50° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 45° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 40° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 35° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 30° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 25° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 20° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 15° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, within 10° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy, or within 5° C. of a solidustemperature of the aluminum alloy.

During soaking, the cast aluminum alloy product may optionally be at thehomogenization temperature (i.e., soaking) for a time duration from 0.1hours to 36 hours or from 12 hours to 36 hours, such as from 0.1 hoursto 0.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 1 hour, from 0.1 hours to 1.5 hours,from 0.1 hours to 2 hours, from 0.1 hours to 2.5 hours, from 0.1 hoursto 3 hours, from 0.1 hours to 3.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 4 hours, from0.1 hours to 4.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 5.5hours, from 0.1 hours to 6 hours, from 0.1 hours to 6.5 hours, from 0.1hours to 7 hours, from 0.1 hours to 7.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 8hours, from 0.1 hours to 8.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 9 hours, from 0.1hours to 9.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 10 hours, from 0.1 hours to 10.5hours, from 0.1 hours to 11 hours, from 0.1 hours to 11.5 hours, from0.1 hours to 12 hours, from 0.1 hours to 12.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to13 hours, from 0.1 hours to 13.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 14 hours, from0.1 hours to 14.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 15 hours, from 0.1 hours to15.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 16 hours, from 0.1 hours to 16.5 hours,from 0.1 hours to 17 hours, from 0.1 hours to 17.5 hours, from 0.1 hoursto 18 hours, from 0.1 hours to 18.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 19 hours,from 0.1 hours to 19.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 20 hours, from 0.1 hoursto 20.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 21 hours, from 0.1 hours to 21.5 hours,from 0.1 hours to 22 hours, from 0.1 hours to 22.5 hours, from 0.1 hoursto 23 hours, from 0.1 hours to 23.5 hours, from 0.1 hours to 24 hours,from 0.1 hours to 25 hours, from 0.1 hours to 26 hours, from 0.1 hoursto 27 hours, from 0.1 hours to 28 hours, from 0.1 hours to 29 hours,from 0.1 hours to 30 hours, from 0.1 hours to 31 hours, from 0.1 hoursto 32 hours, from 0.1 hours to 33 hours, from 0.1 hours to 34 hours,from 0.1 hours to 35 hours, from 0.1 hours to 36 hours, from 0.5 hoursto 1 hour, from 0.5 hours to 1.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 2 hours, from0.5 hours to 2.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 3 hours, from 0.5 hours to 3.5hours, from 0.5 hours to 4 hours, from 0.5 hours to 4.5 hours, from 0.5hours to 5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 5.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 6hours, from 0.5 hours to 6.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 7 hours, from 0.5hours to 7.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 8 hours, from 0.5 hours to 8.5hours, from 0.5 hours to 9 hours, from 0.5 hours to 9.5 hours, from 0.5hours to 10 hours, from 0.5 hours to 10.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 11hours, from 0.5 hours to 11.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 12 hours, from0.5 hours to 12.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 13 hours, from 0.5 hours to13.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 14 hours, from 0.5 hours to 14.5 hours,from 0.5 hours to 15 hours, from 0.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 0.5 hoursto 16 hours, from 0.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 17 hours,from 0.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 18 hours, from 0.5 hoursto 18.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 19 hours, from 0.5 hours to 19.5 hours,from 0.5 hours to 20 hours, from 0.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 0.5 hoursto 21 hours, from 0.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 22 hours,from 0.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 23 hours, from 0.5 hoursto 23.5 hours, from 0.5 hours to 24 hours, from 0.5 hours to 25 hours,from 0.5 hours to 26 hours, from 0.5 hours to 27 hours, from 0.5 hoursto 28 hours, from 0.5 hours to 29 hours, from 0.5 hours to 30 hours,from 0.5 hours to 31 hours, from 0.5 hours to 32 hours, from 0.5 hoursto 33 hours, from 0.5 hours to 34 hours, from 0.5 hours to 35 hours,from 0.5 hours to 36 hours, from 1 hour to 1.5 hours, from 1 hour to 2hours, from 1 hour to 2.5 hours, from 1 hour to 3 hours, from 1 hour to3.5 hours, from 1 hour to 4 hours, from 1 hour to 4.5 hours, from 1 hourto 5 hours, from 1 hour to 5.5 hours, from 1 hour to 6 hours, from 1hour to 6.5 hours, from 1 hour to 7 hours, from 1 hour to 7.5 hours,from 1 hour to 8 hours, from 1 hour to 8.5 hours, from 1 hour to 9hours, from 1 hour to 9.5 hours, from 1 hour to 10 hours, from 1 hour to10.5 hours, from 1 hour to 11 hours, from 1 hour to 11.5 hours, from 1hour to 12 hours, from 1 hour to 12.5 hours, from 1 hour to 13 hours,from 1 hour to 13.5 hours, from 1 hour to 14 hours, from 1 hour to 14.5hours, from 1 hour to 15 hours, from 1 hour to 15.5 hours, from 1 hourto 16 hours, from 1 hour to 16.5 hours, from 1 hour to 17 hours, from 1hour to 17.5 hours, from 1 hour to 18 hours, from 1 hour to 18.5 hours,from 1 hour to 19 hours, from 1 hour to 19.5 hours, from 1 hour to 20hours, from 1 hour to 20.5 hours, from 1 hour to 21 hours, from 1 hourto 21.5 hours, from 1 hour to 22 hours, from 1 hour to 22.5 hours, from1 hour to 23 hours, from 1 hour to 23.5 hours, from 1 hour to 24 hours,from 1 hours to 25 hours, from 1 hours to 26 hours, from 1 hours to 27hours, from 1 hours to 28 hours, from 1 hours to 29 hours, from 1 hoursto 30 hours, from 1 hours to 31 hours, from 1 hours to 32 hours, from 1hours to 33 hours, from 1 hours to 34 hours, from 1 hours to 35 hours,from 1 hours to 36 hours, from 1.5 hours to 2 hours, from 1.5 hours to2.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 3 hours, from 1.5 hours to 3.5 hours, from1.5 hours to 4 hours, from 1.5 hours to 4.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 5hours, from 1.5 hours to 5.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 6 hours, from 1.5hours to 6.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 7 hours, from 1.5 hours to 7.5hours, from 1.5 hours to 8 hours, from 1.5 hours to 8.5 hours, from 1.5hours to 9 hours, from 1.5 hours to 9.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 10hours, from 1.5 hours to 10.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 11 hours, from1.5 hours to 11.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 12 hours, from 1.5 hours to12.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 13 hours, from 1.5 hours to 13.5 hours,from 1.5 hours to 14 hours, from 1.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 1.5 hoursto 15 hours, from 1.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 16 hours,from 1.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 17 hours, from 1.5 hoursto 17.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 18 hours, from 1.5 hours to 18.5 hours,from 1.5 hours to 19 hours, from 1.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 1.5 hoursto 20 hours, from 1.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 21 hours,from 1.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 22 hours, from 1.5 hoursto 22.5 hours, from 1.5 hours to 23 hours, from 1.5 hours to 23.5 hours,from 1.5 hours to 24 hours, from 1.5 hours to 25 hours, from 1.5 hoursto 26 hours, from 1.5 hours to 27 hours, from 1.5 hours to 28 hours,from 1.5 hours to 29 hours, from 1.5 hours to 30 hours, from 1.5 hoursto 31 hours, from 1.5 hours to 32 hours, from 1.5 hours to 33 hours,from 1.5 hours to 34 hours, from 1.5 hours to 35 hours, from 1.5 hoursto 36 hours, from 2 hours to 2.5 hours, from 2 hours to 3 hours, from 2hours to 3.5 hours, from 2 hours to 4 hours, from 2 hours to 4.5 hours,from 2 hours to 5 hours, from 2 hours to 5.5 hours, from 2 hours to 6hours, from 2 hours to 6.5 hours, from 2 hours to 7 hours, from 2 hoursto 7.5 hours, from 2 hours to 8 hours , from 2 hours to 8.5 hours, from2 hours to 9 hours, from 2 hours to 9.5 hours, from 2 hours to 10 hours,from 2 hours to 10.5 hours, from 2 hours to 11 hours, from 2 hours to11.5 hours, from 2 hours to 12 hours, from 2 hours to 12.5 hours, from 2hours to 13 hours, from 2 hours to 13.5 hours, from 2 hours to 14 hours,from 2 hours to 14.5 hours, from 2 hours to 15 hours, from 2 hours to15.5 hours, from 2 hours to 16 hours, from 2 hours to 16.5 hours, from 2hours to 17 hours, from 2 hours to 17.5 hours, from 2 hours to 18 hours,from 2 hours to 18.5 hours, from 2 hours to 19 hours, from 2 hours to19.5 hours, from 2 hours to 20 hours, from 2 hours to 20.5 hours, from 2hours to 21 hours, from 2 hours to 21.5 hours, from 2 hours to 22 hours,from 2 hours to 22.5 hours, from 2 hours to 23 hours, from 2 hours to23.5 hours, from 2 hours to 24 hours, from 2 hours to 25 hours, from 2hours to 26 hours, from 2 hours to 27 hours, from 2 hours to 28 hours,from 2 hours to 29 hours, from 2 hours to 30 hours, from 2 hours to 31hours, from 2 hours to 32 hours, from 2 hours to 33 hours, from 2 hoursto 34 hours, from 2 hours to 35 hours, from 2 hours to 36 hours, from2.5 hours to 3 hours, from 2.5 hours to 3.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 4hours, from 2.5 hours to 4.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 5 hours, from 2.5hours to 5.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 6 hours, from 2.5 hours to 6.5hours, from 2.5 hours to 7 hours, from 2.5 hours to 7.5 hours, from 2.5hours to 8 hours, from 2.5 hours to 8.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 9hours, from 2.5 hours to 9.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 10 hours, from 2.5hours to 10.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 11 hours, from 2.5 hours to 11.5hours, from 2.5 hours to 12 hours, from 2.5 hours to 12.5 hours, from2.5 hours to 13 hours, from 2.5 hours to 13.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to14 hours, from 2.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 15 hours, from2.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 16 hours, from 2.5 hours to16.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 17 hours, from 2.5 hours to 17.5 hours,from 2.5 hours to 18 hours, from 2.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from 2.5 hoursto 19 hours, from 2.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 20 hours,from 2.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 21 hours, from 2.5 hoursto 21.5 hours, from 2.5 hours to 22 hours, from 2.5 hours to 22.5 hours,from 2.5 hours to 23 hours, from 2.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 2.5 hoursto 24 hours, from 2.5 hours to 25 hours, from 2.5 hours to 26 hours,from 2.5 hours to 27 hours, from 2.5 hours to 28 hours, from 2.5 hoursto 29 hours, from 2.5 hours to 30 hours, from 2 .5 hours to 31 hours,from 2.5 hours to 32 hours, from 2.5 hours to 33 hours, from 2.5 hoursto 34 hours, from 2.5 hours to 35 hours, from 2.5 hours to 36 hours,from 3 hours to 3.5 hours, from 3 hours to 4 hours, from 3 hours to 4.5hours, from 3 hours to 5 hours, from 3 hours to 5.5 hours, from 3 hoursto 6 hours, from 3 hours to 6.5 hours, from 3 hours to 7 hours, from 3hours to 7.5 hours , from 3 hours to 8 hours, from 3 hours to 8.5 hours,from 3 hours to 9 hours, from 3 hours to 9.5 hours, from 3 hours to 10hours, from 3 hours to 10.5 hours, from 3 hours to 11 hours, from 3hours to 11.5 hours, from 3 hours to 12 hours, from 3 hours to 12.5hours, from 3 hours to 13 hours, from 3 hours to 13.5 hours, from 3hours to 14 hours, from 3 hours to 14.5 hours, from 3 hours to 15 hours,from 3 hours to 15.5 hours, from 3 hours to 16 hours, from 3 hours to16.5 hours, from 3 hours to 17 hours, from 3 hours to 17.5 hours, from 3hours to 18 hours, from 3 hours to 18.5 hours, from 3 hours to 19 hours,from 3 hours to 19.5 hours, from 3 hours to 20 hours, from 3 hours to20.5 hours, from 3 hours to 21 hours, from 3 hours to 21.5 hours, from 3hours to 22 hours, from 3 hours to 22.5 hours, from 3 hours to 23 hours,from 3 hours to 23.5 hours, from 3 hours to 24 hours, from 3 hours to 25hours, from 3 hours to 26 hours, from 3 hours to 27 hours, from 3 hoursto 28 hours, from 3 hours to 29 hours, from 3 hours to 30 hours, from 3hours to 31 hours, from 3 hours to 32 hours, from 3 hours to 33 hours,from 3 hours to 34 hours, from 3 hours to 35 hours, from 3 hours to 36hours, from 3.5 hours to 4 hours, from 3.5 hours to 4.5 hours, from 3.5hours to 5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 5.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 6hours, from 3.5 hours to 6.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 7 hours, from 3.5hours to 7.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 8 hours, from 3.5 hours to 8.5hours, from 3.5 hours to 9 hours, from 3.5 hours to 9.5 hours, from 3.5hours to 10 hours, from 3.5 hours to 10.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 11hours, from 3.5 hours to 11.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 12 hours, from3.5 hours to 12.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 13 hours, from 3.5 hours to13.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 14 hours, from 3.5 hours to 14.5 hours,from 3.5 hours to 15 hours, from 3.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 3.5 hoursto 16 hours, from 3.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 17 hours,from 3.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 18 hours, from 3.5 hoursto 18.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 19 hours, from 3.5 hours to 19.5 hours,from 3.5 hours to 20 hours, from 3.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 3.5 hoursto 21 hours, from 3.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 22 hours,from 3.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 23 hours, from 3.5 hoursto 23.5 hours, from 3.5 hours to 24 hours, from 3.5 hours to 25 hours,from 3.5 hours to 26 hours, from 3.5 hours to 27 hours, from 3.5 hoursto 28 hours, from 3.5 hours to 29 hours, from 3.5 hours to 30 hours,from 3.5 hours to 31 hours, from 3.5 hours to 32 hours, from 3.5 hoursto 33 hours, from 3.5 hours to 34 hours, from 3.5 hours to 35 hours,from 3.5 hours to 36 hours, from 4 hours to 4.5 hours, from 4 hours to 5hours, from 4 hours to 5.5 hours, from 4 hours to 6 hours, from 4 hoursto 6.5 hours, from 4 hours to 7 hours, from 4 hours to 7.5 hours, from 4hours to 8 hours, from 4 hours to 8.5 hours, from 4 hours to 9 hours,from 4 hours to 9.5 hours, from 4 hours to 10 hours, from 4 hours to10.5 hours, from 4 hours to 11 hours, from 4 hours to 11.5 hours, from 4hours to 12 hours, from 4 hours to 12.5 hours, from 4 hours to 13 hours,from 4 hours to 13.5 hours, from 4 hours to 14 hours, from 4 hours to14.5 hours, from 4 hours to 15 hours, from 4 hours to 15.5 hours, from 4hours to 16 hours, from 4 hours to 16.5 hours, from 4 hours to 17 hours,from 4 hours to 17.5 hours, from 4 hours to 18 hours, from 4 hours to18.5 hours, from 4 hours to 19 hours, from 4 hours to 19.5 hours, from 4hours to 20 hours, from 4 hours to 20.5 hours, from 4 hours to 21 hours,from 4 hours to 21.5 hours, from 4 hours to 22 hours, from 4 hours to22.5 hours, from 4 hours to 23 hours, from 4 hours to 23.5 hours, from 4hours to 24 hours, from 4 hours to 25 hours, from 4 hours to 26 hours,from 4 hours to 27 hours, from 4 hours to 28 hours, from 4 hours to 29hours, from 4 hours to 30 hours, from 4 hours to 31 hours, from 4 hoursto 32 hours, from 4 hours to 33 hours, from 4 hours to 34 hours, from 4hours to 35 hours, from 4 hours to 36 hours, from 4.5 hours to 5 hours,from 4.5 hours to 5.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 6 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 6.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 7 hours, from 4.5 hours to 7.5 hours,from 4.5 hours to 8 hours, from 4.5 hours to 8.5 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 9 hours, from 4.5 hours to 9.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 10 hours,from 4.5 hours to 10.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 11 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 11.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 12 hours, from 4.5 hours to 12.5 hours,from 4.5 hours to 13 hours, from 4.5 hours to 13.5 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 14 hours, from 4.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 15 hours,from 4.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 16 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 16.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 17 hours, from 4.5 hours to 17.5 hours,from 4.5 hours to 18 hours, from 4.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 19 hours, from 4.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 20 hours,from 4.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 21 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 21.5 hours, from 4.5 hours to 22 hours, from 4.5 hours to 22.5 hours,from 4.5 hours to 23 hours, from 4.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 24 hours, from 4.5 hours to 25 hours, from 4.5 hours to 26 hours,from 4.5 hours to 27 hours, from 4.5 hours to 28 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 29 hours, from 4.5 hours to 30 hours, from 4.5 hours to 31 hours,from 4.5 hours to 32 hours, from 4.5 hours to 33 hours, from 4.5 hoursto 34 hours, from 4.5 hours to 35 hours, from 4.5 hours to 36 hours,from 5 hours to 5.5 hours, from 5 hours to 6 hours, from 5 hours to 6.5hours, from 5 hours to 7 hours, from 5 hours to 7.5 hours, from 5 hoursto 8 hours, from 5 hours to 8.5 hours, from 5 hours to 9 hours, from 5hours to 9.5 hours, from 5 hours to 10 hours, from 5 hours to 10.5hours, from 5 hours to 11 hours, from 5 hours to 11.5 hours, from 5hours to 12 hours, from 5 hours to 12.5 hours, from 5 hours to 13 hours,from 5 hours to 13.5 hours, from 5 hours to 14 hours, from 5 hours to14.5 hours, from 5 hours to 15 hours, from 5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 5hours to 16 hours, from 5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 5 hours to 17 hours,from 5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 5 hours to 18 hours, from 5 hours to18.5 hours, from 5 hours to 19 hours, from 5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 5hours to 20 hours, from 5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 5 hours to 21 hours,from 5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 5 hours to 22 hours, from 5 hours to22.5 hours, from 5 hours to 23 hours, from 5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 5hours to 24 hours, from 5 hours to 25 hours, from 5 hours to 26 hours,from 5 hours to 27 hours, from 5 hours to 28 hours, from 5 hours to 29hours, from 5 hours to 30 hours, from 5 hours to 31 hours, from 5 hoursto 32 hours, from 5 hours to 33 hours, from 5 hours to 34 hours, from 5hours to 35 hours, from 5 hours to 36 hours, from 5.5 hours to 6 hours,from 5.5 hours to 6.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 7 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 7.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 8 hours, from 5.5 hours to 8.5 hours,from 5.5 hours to 9 hours, from 5.5 hours to 9.5 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 10 hours, from 5.5 hours to 10.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 11 hours,from 5.5 hours to 11.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 12 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 12.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 13 hours, from 5.5 hours to 13.5 hours,from 5.5 hours to 14 hours, from 5.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 15 hours, from 5.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 16 hours,from 5.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 17 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 17.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 18 hours, from 5.5 hours to 18.5 hours,from 5.5 hours to 19 hours, from 5.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 20 hours, from 5.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 21 hours,from 5.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 22 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 22.5 hours, from 5.5 hours to 23 hours, from 5.5 hours to 23.5 hours,from 5.5 hours to 24 hours, from 5.5 hours to 25 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 26 hours, from 5.5 hours to 27 hours, from 5.5 hours to 28 hours,from 5.5 hours to 29 hours, from 5.5 hours to 30 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 31 hours, from 5.5 hours to 32 hours, from 5.5 hours to 33 hours,from 5.5 hours to 34 hours, from 5.5 hours to 35 hours, from 5.5 hoursto 36 hours, from 6 hours to 6.5 hours, from 6 hours to 7 hours, from 6hours to 7.5 hours, from 6 hours to 8 hours, from 6 hours to 8.5 hours,from 6 hours to 9 hours, from 6 hours to 9.5 hours, from 6 hours to 10hours, from 6 hours to 10.5 hours, from 6 hours to 11 hours, from 6hours to 11.5 hours, from 6 hours to 12 hours, from 6 hours to 12.5hours, from 6 hours to 13 hours, from 6 hours to 13.5 hours, from 6hours to 14 hours, from 6 hours to 14.5 hours, from 6 hours to 15 hours,from 6 hours to 15.5 hours, from 6 hours to 16 hours, from 6 hours to16.5 hours, from 6 hours to 17 hours, from 6 hours to 17.5 hours, from 6hours to 18 hours, from 6 hours to 18.5 hours, from 6 hours to 19 hours,from 6 hours to 19.5 hours, from 6 hours, from 6 hours to 20.5 hours,from 6 hours to 21 hours, from 6 hours to 21.5 hours, from 6 hours to 22hours, from 6 hours to 22.5 hours, from 6 hours to 23 hours, from 6hours, from 6 hours to 24 hours, from 6 hours to 25 hours, from 6 hoursto 26 hours, f to 27 hours, from 6 hours to 28 hours, from 6 hours to 29hours, from 6 hours to 30 hours, from 6 hours to 31 hours, from 6 hoursto 32 hours, from 6 hours to 33 hours, from 6 hours to 34 hours, from 6hours to 35 hours, from 6 hours to 36 hours, from 6.5 hours to 7 hours,from 6.5 hours to 7.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 8 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 8.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 9 hours, from 6.5 hours to 9.5 hours,from 6.5 hours to 10 hours, from 6.5 hours to 10.5 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 11 hours, from 6.5 hours to 11.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 12 hours,from 6.5 hours to 12.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 13 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 13.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 14 hours, from 6.5 hours to 14.5 hours,from 6.5 hours to 15 hours, from 6.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 16 hours, from 6.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 17 hours,from 6.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 18 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 18.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 19 hours, from 6.5 hours to 19.5 hours,from 6.5 hours to 20 hours, from 6.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 21 hours, from 6.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 22 hours,from 6.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 23 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 23.5 hours, from 6.5 hours to 24 hours, from 6.5 hours to 25 hours,from 6.5 hours to 26 hours, from 6.5 hours to 27 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 28 hours, from 6.5 hours to 29 hours, from 6.5 hours to 30 hours,from 6.5 hours to 31 hours, from 6.5 hours to 32 hours, from 6.5 hoursto 33 hours, from 6.5 hours to 34 hours, from 6.5 hours to 35 hours,from 6.5 hours to 36 hours, from 7 hours to 7.5 hours, from 7 hours to 8hours, from 7 hours to 8.5 hours, from 7 hours to 9 hours, from 7 hoursto 9.5 hours, from 7 hours to 10 hours, from 7 hours to 10.5 hours, from7 hours to 11 hours, from 7 hours to 11.5 hours, from 7 hours to 12hours, from 7 hours to 12.5 hours, from 7 hours to 13 hours, from 7hours to 13.5 hours, from 7 hours to 14 hours, from 7 hours to 14.5hours, from 7 hours to 15 hours, from 7 hours to 15.5 hours, from 7hours to 16 hours, from 7 hours to 16.5 hours, from 7 hours to 17 hours,from 7 hours to 17.5 hours, from 7 hours to 18 hours, from 7 hours to18.5 hours, from 7 hours to 19 hours, from 7 hours to 19.5 hours, from 7hours to 20 hours, from 7 hours to 20.5 hours, from 7 hours to 21 hours,from 7 hours to 21.5 hours, from 7 hours to 22 hours, from 7 hours to22.5 hours, from 7 hours to 23 hours, from 7 hours to 23.5 hours, from 7hours to 24 hours, from 7 hours to 25 hours, from 7 hours to 26 hours,from 7 hours to 27 hours, from 7 hours to 28 hours, from 7 hours to 29hours, from 7 hours to 30 hours, from 7 hours to 31 hours, from 7 hoursto 32 hours, from 7 hours to 33 hours, from 7 hours to 34 hours, from 7hours to 35 hours, from 7 hours to 36 hours, from 7.5 hours to 8 hours,from 7.5 hours to 8.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 9 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 9.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 10 hours, from 7.5 hours to 10.5 hours,from 7.5 hours to 11 hours, from 7.5 hours to 11.5 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 12 hours, from 7.5 hours to 12.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 13 hours,from 7.5 hours to 13.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 14 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 14.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 15 hours, from 7.5 hours to 15.5 hours,from 7.5 hours to 16 hours, from 7.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 17 hours, from 7.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 18 hours,from 7.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 19 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 19.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 20 hours, from 7.5 hours to 20.5 hours,from 7.5 hours to 21 hours, from 7.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 22 hours, from 7.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 23 hours,from 7.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 7.5 hours to 24 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 25 hours, from 7.5 hours to 26 hours, from 7.5 hours to 27 hours,from 7.5 hours to 28 hours, from 7.5 hours to 29 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 30 hours, from 7.5 hours to 31 hours, from 7.5 hours to 32 hours,from 7.5 hours to 33 hours, from 7.5 hours to 34 hours, from 7.5 hoursto 35 hours, from 7.5 hours to 36 hours, from 8 hours to 8.5 hours, from8 hours to 9 hours, from 8 hours to 9.5 hours, from 8 hours to 10 hours,from 8 hours to 10.5 hours, from 8 hours to 11 hours, from 8 hours to11.5 hours, from 8 hours to 12 hours, from 8 hours to 12.5 hours, from 8hours to 13 hours, from 8 hours to 13.5 hours, from 8 hours to 14 hours,from 8 hours to 14.5 hours, from 8 hours to 15 hours, from 8 hours to15.5 hours, from 8 hours to 16 hours, from 8 hours to 16.5 hours, from 8hours to 17 hours, from 8 hours to 17.5 hours, from 8 hours to 18 hours,from 8 hours to 18.5 hours, from 8 hours to 19 hours, from 8 hours to19.5 hours, from 8 hours to 20 hours, from 8 hours to 20.5 hours, from 8hours to 21 hours, from 8 hours to 21.5 hours, from 8 hours to 22 hours,from 8 hours to 22.5 hours, from 8 hours to 23 hours, from 8 hours to23.5 hours, from 8 hours to 24 hours, from 8 hours to 25 hours, from 8hours to 26 hours, from 8 hours to 27 hours, from 8 hours to 28 hours,from 8 hours to 29 hours, from 8 hours to 30 hours, from 8 hours to 31hours, from 8 hours to 32 hours, from 8 hours to 33 hours, from 8 hoursto 34 hours, from 8 hours to 35 hours, from 8 hours to 36 hours, from8.5 hours to 9 hours, from 8.5 hours to 9.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 10hours, from 8.5 hours to 10.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 11 hours, from8.5 hours to 11.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 12 hours, from 8.5 hours to12.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 13 hours, from hours to 13.5 hours, from8.5 hours to 14 hours, from 8.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to15 hours, from 8.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 16 hours, from8.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 17 hours, from 8.5 hours to17.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 18 hours,to 18.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to19 hours, from 8.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 20 hours, from8.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 21 hours, from 8.5 hours to21.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 22 hours, from 8.5 hours to 22.5 hours,from 8.5 hours to 23 hoursto 23.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 24 hours,from 8.5 hours to 25 hours, from 8.5 hours, from 8.5 hours to 27 hours,from 8.5 hours to 28 hours, from 8.5 hours to 29 hours, from 8.5 hoursto 30 hours, from 8.5 hours to 31 hours, from 8.5 hours to 32 hours,from 8.5 hours to 33 hours, from 8.5 hours to 34 hours, from 8.5 hoursto 35 hours, from 8.5 hours to 36 hours, from 9 hours to 9.5 hours, from9 hours to 10 hours, from 9 hours to 10.5 hours, from 9 hours to 11hours, from 9 hours to 11.5 hours, from 9 hours to 12 hours, from 9hours to 12.5 hours, from 9 hours to 13 hours, from 9 hours to 13.5hours, from 9 hours to 14 hours, from 9 hours , from 9 hours to 15hours, from 9 hours to 15.5 hours, from 9 hours to 16 hours, from 9hours to 16.5 hours, from 9 hours to 17 hours, from 9 hours to 17.5hours, from 9 hours to 18 hours, from 9 hours to 18.5 hours, from 9hours to 19 hours, from 9 hours to 19.5 hours, from 9 hours to 20 hours,from 9 hours to 20.5 hours, from 9 hours to 21 hours, from 9 hours to21.5 hours, from 9 hours to 22 hours, from 9 hours to 22.5 hours, from 9hours to 23 hours, from 9 hours to 23.5 hours, from 9 hours to 24 hours,from 9 hours to 25 hours, from 9 hours to 26 hours, from 9 hours to 27hours, from 9 hours to 28 hours, from 9 hours to 29 hours, from 9 hoursto 30 hours, from 9 hours to 31 hours, from 9 hours to 32 hours, from 9hours to 33 hours, from 9 hours to 34 hours, from 9 hours to 35 hours,from 9 hours to 36 hours, from 9.5 hours to 10 hours, from 9.5 hours to10.5 hours, from 9.5 hours to 11 hours, from 9.5 hours to 11.5 hours,from 9.5 hours to 12 hours, from 9.5 hours to 12.5 hours, from 9.5 hoursto 13 hours, from 9.5 hours to 13.5 hours, from 9.5 hours to 14 hours,from 9.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 9.5 hours to 15 hours, from 9.5 hoursto 15.5 hours, from 9.5 hours to 16 hours, from 9.5 hours to 16.5 hours,from 9.5 hours to 17 hours, from 9.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 9.5 hoursto 18 hours, from 9.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from 9.5 hours to 19 hours,from 9.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 9.5 hours to 20 hours, from 9.5 hoursto 20.5 hours, from 9.5 hours to 21 hours, from 9.5 hours to 21.5 hours,from 9.5 hours to 22 hours, from 9.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 9.5 hoursto 23 hours, from 9.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 9.5 hours to 24 hours,from 9.5 hours to 25 hours, from 9.5 hours to 26 hours , from 9.5 hoursto 27 hours, from 9.5 hours to 28 hours, from 9.5 hours to 29 hours,from 9.5 hours to 30 hours, from 9.5 hours to 31 hours, from 9.5 hoursto 32 hours, from 9.5 hours to 33 hours, from 9.5 hours to 34 hours,from 9.5 hours to 35 hours, from 9.5 hours to 36 hours, from 10 hours to10.5 hours, from 10 hours to 11 hours, from 10 hours to 11.5 hours, fromto 12 hours, from 10 hours to 12.5 hours, from 10 hours to 13 hours,from 10 hours to 13.5 hours, from 10 hours to 14 hours, from 10 hours to14.5 hours, from 10 hours to 15 hours, from 10 hours to 15.5 hours, from10 hours to 16 hours, from 10 hours to 16.5 hours, from 10 hours to 17hours, from 10 hours to 17.5 hours, from 10 hours to 18 hours, from 10hours to 18.5 hours, from 10 hours to 19 hours, from 10 hours to 19.5hours, from 10 hours to 20 hours, from 10 hours to 20.5 hours, from 10hours to 21 hours, from 10 hours to 21.5 hours, from 10 hours to 22hours, from 10 hours to 22.5 hours, from 10 hours to 23 hours, from 10hours to 23.5 hours, from 10 hours to 24 hours, from 10 hours to 25hours, from 10 hours to 26 hours, from 10 hours to 27 hours, from 10hours to 28 hours, from 10 hours to 29 hours, from 10 hours to 30 hours,from 10 hours to 31 hours, from 10 hours to 32 hours, from 10 hours to33 hours, from 10 hours to 34 hours, from 10 hours to 35 hours, from 10hours to 36 hours, from 10.5 hours to 11 hours, from 10.5 hours to 11.5hours, from 10.5 hours to 12 hours, from 10.5 hours to 12.5 hours, from10.5 hours to 13 hours, from 10.5 hours to 13.5 hours, from 10.5 hoursto 14 hours, from 10.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 10.5 hours to 15 hours,from 10.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 10.5 hours to 16 hours, from 10.5hours to 16.5 hours, from 10.5 hours to 17 hours, from 10.5 hours to17.5 hours, from 10.5 hours to 18 hours, from 10.5 hours to 18.5 hours,from 10.5 hours to 19 hours, from 10.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 10.5hours to 20 hours, from 10.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 10.5 hours to 21hours, from 10.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 10.5 hours to 22 hours, from10.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 10.5 hours to 23 hours, from 10.5 hoursto 23.5 hours, from 10.5 hours to 24 hours, from 10.5 hours to 25 hours,from 10.5 hours to 26 hours, from 10.5 hours to 27 hours, from 10.5hours to 28 hours, from 10.5 hours to 29 hours, from 10.5 hours to 30hours, from 10.5 hours to 31 hours, from 10.5 hours to 32 hours, from10.5 hours to 33 hours, from 10.5 hours to 34 hours, from 10.5 hours to35 hours, from 10.5 hours to 36 hours, from 11 hours to 11.5 hours, from11 hours to 12 hours, from 11 hours to 12.5 hours, from 11 hours to 13hours, from 11 hours to 13.5 hours, from 11 hours to 14 hours, from 11hours to 14.5 hours, from 11 hours to 15 hours, from 11 hours to 15.5hours, from 11 hours to 16 hours, from 11 hours to 16.5 hours, from 11hours to 17 hours, from 11 hours to 17.5 hours, from 11 hours to 18hours, from 11 hours to 18.5 hours, from 11 hours to 19 hours, from 11hours to 19.5 hours, from 11 hours to 20 hours, from 11 hours to 20.5hours, from 11 hours to 21 hours, from 11 hours to 21.5 hours, from 11hours to 22 hours, from 11 hours to 22.5 hours, from 11 hours to 23hours, from 11 hours to 23.5 hours, from 11 hours to 24 hours, from 11hours to 25 hours, from 11 hours to 26 hours, from 11 hours to 27 hours,from 11 hours to 28 hours, from 11 hours to 29 hours, from 11 hours to30 hours, from 11 hours to 31 hours, from 11 hours to 32 hours, from 11hours to 33 hours, from 11 hours to 34 hours, from 11 hours to 35 hours,from 11 hours to 36 hours, from 11.5 hours to 12 hours, from 11.5 hoursto 12.5 hours, from 11.5 hours to 13 hours, from 11.5 hours to 13.5hours, from 11.5 hours to 14 hours, from 11.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from11.5 hours to 15 hours, from 11.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 11.5 hoursto 16 hours, from 11.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 11.5 hours to 17 hours,from 11.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 11.5 hours to 18 hours, from 11.5hours to 18.5 hours, from 11.5 hours to 19 hours, from 11.5 hours to19.5 hours, from 11.5 hours to 20 hours, from 11.5 hours to 20.5 hours,from 11.5 hours to 21 hours, from 11.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 11.5hours to 22 hours, from 11.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 11.5 hours to 23hours, from 11.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 11.5 hours to 24 hours, from11.5 hours to 25 hours, from 11.5 hours to 26 hours, from 11.5 hours to27 hours, from 11.5 hours to 28 hours, from 11.5 hours to 29 hours, from11.5 hours to 30 hours, from 11.5 hours to 31 hours, from 11.5 hours to32 hours, from 11.5 hours to 33 hours, from 11.5 hours to 34 hours, from11.5 hours to 35 hours, from 11.5 hours to 36 hours, from 12 hours to12.5 hours, from 12 hours to 13 hours, from 12 hours to 13.5 hours, from12 hours to 14 hours, from 12 hours to 14.5 hours, from 12 hours to 15hours, from 12 hours to 15.5 hours, from 12 hours to 16 hours, from 12hours to 16.5 hours, from 12 hours to 17 hours, from 12 hours to 17.5hours, from 12 hours to 18 hours, from 12 hours to 18.5 hours, from 12hours to 19 hours, from 12 hours to 19.5 hours, from 12 hours to 20hours, from 12 hours to 20.5 hours, from 12 hours to 21 hours, from 12hours to 21.5 hours, from 12 hours to 22 hours, from 12 hours to 22.5hours, from 12 hours to 23 hours, from 12 hours to 23.5 hours, from 12hours to 24 hours, from 12 hours to 25 hours, from 12 hours to 26 hours,from 12 hours to 27 hours, from 12 hours to 28 hours, from 12 hours to29 hours, from 12 hours to 30 hours, from 12 hours to 31 hours, from 12hours to 32 hours, from 12 hours to 33 hours, from 12 hours to 34 hours,from 12 hours to 35 hours, from 12 hours to 36 hours, from 12.5 hours to13 hours, from 12.5 hours to 13.5 hours, from 12.5 hours to 14 hours,from 12.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 12.5 hours to 15 hours, from 12.5hours to 15.5 hours, from 12.5 hours to 16 hours, from 12.5 hours to16.5 hours, from 12.5 hours to 17 hours, from 12.5 hours to 17.5 hours,from 12.5 hours to 18 hours, from 12.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from 12.5hours to 19 hours, from 12.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 12.5 hours to 20hours, from 12.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 12.5 hours to 21 hours, from12.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 12.5 hours to 22 hours, from 12.5 hoursto 22.5 hours, from 12.5 hours to 23 hours, from 12.5 hours to 23.5hours, from 12.5 hours to 24 hours, from 12.5 hours to 25 hours, from12.5 hours to 26 hours, from 12.5 hours to 27 hours, from 12.5 hours to28 hours, from 12.5 hours to 29 hours, from 12.5 hours to 30 hours, from12.5 hours to 31 hours, from 12.5 hours to 32 hours, from 12.5 hours to33 hours, from 12.5 hours to 34 hours, from 12.5 hours to 35 hours, from12.5 hours to 36 hours, from 13 hours to 13.5 hours, from 13 hours to 14hours, from 13 hours to 14.5 hours, from 13 hours to 15 hours, from 13hours to 15.5 hours, from 13 hours to 16 hours, from 13 hours to 16.5hours, from 13 hours to 17 hours, from 13 hours to 17.5 hours, from 13hours to 18 hours, from 13 hours to 18.5 hours, from 13 hours to 19hours, from 13 hours to 19.5 hours, from 13 hours to 20 hours, from 13hours to 20.5 hours, from 13 hours to 21 hours, from 13 hours to 21.5hours, from 13 hours to 22 hours, from 13 hours to 22.5 hours, from 13hours to 23 hours, from 13 hours to 23.5 hours, from 13 hours to 24hours, from 13 hours to 25 hours, from 13 hours to 26 hours, from 13hours to 27 hours, from 13 hours to 28 hours, from 13 hours to 29 hours,from 13 hours to 30 hours, from 13 hours to 31 hours, from 13 hours to32 hours, from 13 hours to 33 hours, from 13 hours to 34 hours, from 13hours to 35 hours, from 13 hours to 36 hours, from 13.5 hours to 14hours, from 13.5 hours to 14.5 hours, from 13.5 hours to 15 hours, from13.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 13.5 hours to 16 hours, from 13.5 hoursto 16.5 hours, from 13.5 hours to 17 hours, from 13.5 hours to 17.5hours, from 13.5 hours to 18 hours, from 13.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from13.5 hours to 19 hours, from 13.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 13.5 hoursto 20 hours, from 13.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 13.5 hours to 21 hours,from 13.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 13.5 hours to 22 hours, from 13.5hours to 22.5 hours, from 13.5 hours to 23 hours, from 13.5 hours to23.5 hours, from 13.5 hours to 24 hours, from 13.5 hours to 25 hours,from 13.5 hours to 26 hours, from 13.5 hours to 27 hours, from 13.5hours to 28 hours, from 13.5 hours to 29 hours, from 13.5 hours to 30hours, from 13.5 hours to 31 hours, from 13.5 hours to 32 hours, from13.5 hours to 33 hours, from 13.5 hours to 34 hours, from 13.5 hours to35 hours, from 13.5 hours to 36 hours, from 14 hours to 14.5 hours, from14 hours to 15 hours, from 14 hours to 15.5 hours, from 14 hours to 16hours, from 14 hours to 16.5 hours, from 14 hours to 17 hours, from 14hours to 17.5 hours, from 14 hours to 18 hours, from 14 hours to 18.5hours, from 14 hours to 19 hours, from 14 hours to 19.5 hours, from 14hours to 20 hours, from 14 hours to 20.5 hours, from 14 hours to 21hours, from 14 hours to 21.5 hours, from 14 hours to 22 hours, from 14hours to 22.5 hours, from 14 hours to 23 hours, from 14 hours to 23.5hours, from 14 hours to 24 hours, from 14 hours to 25 hours, from 14hours to 26 hours, from 14 hours to 27 hours, from 14 hours to 28 hours,from 14 hours to 29 hours, from 14 hours to 30 hours, from 14 hours to31 hours, from 14 hours to 32 hours, from 14 hours to 33 hours, from 14hours to 34 hours, from 14 hours to 35 hours, from 14 hours to 36 hours,from 14.5 hours to 15 hours, from 14.5 hours to 15.5 hours, from 14.5hours to 16 hours, from 14.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 14.5 hours to 17hours, from 14.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 14.5 hours to 18 hours, from14.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from 14.5 hours to 19 hours, from 14.5 hoursto 19.5 hours, from 14.5 hours to 20 hours, from 14.5 hours to 20.5hours, from 14.5 hours to 21 hours, from 14.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from14.5 hours to 22 hours, from 14.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 14.5 hoursto 23 hours, from 14.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 14.5 hours to 24 hours,from 14.5 hours to 25 hours, from 14.5 hours to 26 hours, from 14.5hours to 27 hours, from 14.5 hours to 28 hours, from 14.5 hours to 29hours, from 14.5 hours to 30 hours, from 14.5 hours to 31 hours, from14.5 hours to 32 hours, from 14.5 hours to 33 hours, from 14.5 hours to34 hours, from 14.5 hours to 35 hours, from 14.5 hours to 36 hours, from15 hours to 15.5 hours, from 15 hours to 16 hours, from 15 hours to 16.5hours, from 15 hours to 17 hours, from 15 hours to 17.5 hours, from 15hours to 18 hours, from 15 hours to 18.5 hours, from 15 hours to 19hours, from 15 hours to 19.5 hours, from 15 hours to 20 hours, from 15hours to 20.5 hours, from 15 hours to 21 hours, from 15 hours to 21.5hours, from 15 hours to 22 hours, from 15 hours to 22.5 hours, from 15hours to 23 hours, from 15 hours to 23.5 hours, from 15 hours to 24hours, from 15 hours to 25 hours, from 15 hours to 26 hours, from 15hours to 27 hours, from 15 hours to 28 hours, from 15 hours to 29 hours,from 15 hours to 30 hours, from 15 hours to 31 hours, from 15 hours to32 hours, from 15 hours to 33 hours, from 15 hours to 34 hours, from 15hours to 35 hours, from 15 hours to 36 hours, from 15.5 hours to 16hours, from 15.5 hours to 16.5 hours, from 15.5 hours to 17 hours, from15.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 15.5 hours to 18 hours, from 15.5 hoursto 18.5 hours, from 15.5 hours to 19 hours, from 15.5 hours to 19.5hours, from 15.5 hours to 20 hours, from 15.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from15.5 hours to 21 hours, from 15.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 15.5 hoursto 22 hours, from 15.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 15.5 hours to 23 hours,from 15.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 15.5 hours to 24 hours, from 15.5hours to 25 hours, from 15.5 hours to 26 hours, from 15.5 hours to 27hours, from 15.5 hours to 28 hours, from 15.5 hours to 29 hours, from15.5 hours to 30 hours, from 15.5 hours to 31 hours, from 15.5 hours to32 hours, from 15.5 hours to 33 hours, from 15.5 hours to 34 hours, from15.5 hours to 35 hours, from 15.5 hours to 36 hours, from 16 hours to16.5 hours, from 16 hours to 17 hours, from 16 hours to 17.5 hours, from16 hours to 18 hours, from 16 hours to 18.5 hours, from 16 hours to 19hours, from 16 hours to 19.5 hours, from 16 hours to 20 hours, from 16hours to 20.5 hours, from 16 hours to 21 hours, from 16 hours to 21.5hours, from 16 hours to 22 hours, from 16 hours to 22.5 hours, from 16hours to 23 hours, from 16 hours to 23.5 hours, from 16 hours to 24hours, from 16 hours to 25 hours, from 16 hours to 26 hours, from 16hours to 27 hours, from 16 hours to 28 hours, from 16 hours to 29 hours,from 16 hours to 30 hours, from 16 hours to 31 hours, from 16 hours to32 hours, from 16 hours to 33 hours, from 16 hours to 34 hours, from 16hours to 35 hours, from 16 hours to 36 hours, from 16.5 hours to 17hours, from 16.5 hours to 17.5 hours, from 16.5 hours to 18 hours, from16.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from 16.5 hours to 19 hours, from 16.5 hoursto 19.5 hours, from 16.5 hours to 20 hours, from 16.5 hours to 20.5hours, from 16.5 hours to 21 hours, from 16.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from16.5 hours to 22 hours, from 16.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 16.5 hoursto 23 hours, from 16.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 16.5 hours to 24 hours,from 16.5 hours to 25 hours, from 16.5 hours to 26 hours, from 16.5hours to 27 hours, from 16.5 hours to 28 hours, from 16.5 hours to 29hours, from 16.5 hours to 30 hours, from 16.5 hours to 31 hours, from16.5 hours to 32 hours, from 16.5 hours to 33 hours, from 16.5 hours to34 hours, from 16.5 hours to 35 hours, from 16.5 hours to 36 hours, from17 hours to 17.5 hours, from 17 hours to 18 hours, from 17 hours to 18.5hours, from 17 hours to 19 hours, from 17 hours to 19.5 hours, from 17hours to 20 hours, from 17 hours to 20.5 hours, from 17 hours to 21hours, from 17 hours to 21.5 hours, from 17 hours to 22 hours, from 17hours to 22.5 hours, from 17 hours to 23 hours, from 17 hours to 23.5hours, from 17 hours to 24 hours, from 17 hours to 25 hours, from 17hours to 26 hours, from 17 hours to 27 hours, from 17 hours to 28 hours,from 17 hours to 29 hours, from 17 hours to 30 hours, from 17 hours to31 hours, from 17 hours to 32 hours, from 17 hours to 33 hours, from 17hours to 34 hours, from 17 hours to 35 hours, from 17 hours to 36 hours,from 17.5 hours to 18 hours, from 17.5 hours to 18.5 hours, from 17.5hours to 19 hours, from 17.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 17.5 hours to 20hours, from 17.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 17.5 hours to 21 hours, from17.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 17.5 hours to 22 hours, from 17.5 hoursto 22.5 hours, from 17.5 hours to 23 hours, from 17.5 hours to 23.5hours, from 17.5 hours to 24 hours, from 17.5 hours to 25 hours, from17.5 hours to 26 hours, from 17.5 hours to 27 hours, from 17.5 hours to28 hours, from 17.5 hours to 29 hours, from 17.5 hours to 30 hours, from17.5 hours to 31 hours, from 17.5 hours to 32 hours, from 17.5 hours to33 hours, from 17.5 hours to 34 hours, from 17.5 hours to 35 hours, from17.5 hours to 36 hours, from 18 hours to 18.5 hours, from 18 hours to 19hours, from 18 hours to 19.5 hours, from 18 hours to 20 hours, from 18hours to 20.5 hours, from 18 hours to 21 hours, from 18 hours to 21.5hours, from 18 hours to 22 hours, from 18 hours to 22.5 hours, from 18hours to 23 hours, from 18 hours to 23.5 hours, from 18 hours to 24hours, from 18 hours to 25 hours, from 18 hours to 26 hours, from 18hours to 27 hours, from 18 hours to 28 hours, from 18 hours to 29 hours,from 18 hours to 30 hours, from 18 hours to 31 hours, from 18 hours to32 hours, from 18 hours to 33 hours, from 18 hours to 34 hours, from 18hours to 35 hours, from 18 hours to 36 hours, from 18.5 hours to 19hours, from 18.5 hours to 19.5 hours, from 18.5 hours to 20 hours, from18.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 18.5 hours to 21 hours, from 18.5 hoursto 21.5 hours, from 18.5 hours to 22 hours, from 18.5 hours to 22.5hours, from 18.5 hours to 23 hours, from 18.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from18.5 hours to 24 hours, from 18.5 hours to 25 hours, from 18.5 hours to26 hours, from 18.5 hours to 27 hours, from 18.5 hours to 28 hours, from18.5 hours to 29 hours, from 18.5 hours to 30 hours, from 18.5 hours to31 hours, from 18.5 hours to 32 hours, from 18.5 hours to 33 hours, from18.5 hours to 34 hours, from 18.5 hours to 35 hours, from 18.5 hours to36 hours, from 19 hours to 19.5 hours, from 19 hours to 20 hours, from19 hours to 20.5 hours, from 19 hours to 21 hours, from 19 hours to 21.5hours, from 19 hours to 22 hours, from 19 hours to 22.5 hours, from 19hours to 23 hours, from 19 hours to 23.5 hours, from 19 hours to 24hours, from 19 hours to 25 hours, from 19 hours to 26 hours, from 19hours to 27 hours, from 19 hours to 28 hours, from 19 hours to 29 hours,from 19 hours to 30 hours, from 19 hours to 31 hours, from 19 hours to32 hours, from 19 hours to 33 hours, from 19 hours to 34 hours, from 19hours to 35 hours, from 19 hours to 36 hours, from 19.5 hours to 20hours, from 19.5 hours to 20.5 hours, from 19.5 hours to 21 hours, from19.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 19.5 hours to 22 hours, from 19.5 hoursto 22.5 hours, from 19.5 hours to 23 hours, from 19.5 hours to 23.5hours, from 19.5 hours to 24 hours, from 19.5 hours to 25 hours, from19.5 hours to 26 hours, from 19.5 hours to 27 hours, from 19.5 hours to28 hours, from 19.5 hours to 29 hours, from 19.5 hours to 30 hours, from19.5 hours to 31 hours, from 19.5 hours to 32 hours, from 19.5 hours to33 hours, from 19.5 hours to 34 hours, from 19.5 hours to 35 hours, from19.5 hours to 36 hours, from 20 hours to 20.5 hours, from 20 hours to 21hours, from 20 hours to 21.5 hours, from 20 hours to 22 hours, from 20hours to 22.5 hours, from 20 hours to 23 hours, from 20 hours to 23.5hours, from 20 hours to 24 hours, from 20 hours to 25 hours, from 20hours to 26 hours, from 20 hours to 27 hours, from 20 hours to 28 hours,from 20 hours to 29 hours, from 20 hours to 30 hours, from 20 hours to31 hours, from 20 hours to 32 hours, from 20 hours to 33 hours, from 20hours to 34 hours, from 20 hours to 35 hours, from 20 hours to 36 hours,from 20.5 hours to 21 hours, from 20.5 hours to 21.5 hours, from 20.5hours to 22 hours, from 20.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 20.5 hours to 23hours, from 20.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 20.5 hours to 24 hours, from20.5 hours to 25 hours, from 20.5 hours to 26 hours, from 20.5 hours to27 hours, from 20.5 hours to 28 hours, from 20.5 hours to 29 hours, from20.5 hours to 30 hours, from 20.5 hours to 31 hours, from 20.5 hours to32 hours, from 20.5 hours to 33 hours, from 20.5 hours to 34 hours, from20.5 hours to 35 hours, from 20.5 hours to 36 hours, from 21 hours to21.5 hours, from 21 hours to 22 hours, from 21 hours to 22.5 hours, from21 hours to 23 hours, from 21 hours to 23.5 hours, from 21 hours to 24hours, from 21 hours to 25 hours, from 21 hours to 26 hours, from 21hours to 27 hours, from 21 hours to 28 hours, from 21 hours to 29 hours,from 21 hours to 30 hours, from 21 hours to 31 hours, from 21 hours to32 hours, from 21 hours to 33 hours, from 21 hours to 34 hours, from 21hours to 35 hours, from 21 hours to 36 hours, from 21.5 hours to 22hours, from 21.5 hours to 22.5 hours, from 21.5 hours to 23 hours, from21.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 21.5 hours to 24 hours, from 21.5 hoursto 25 hours, from 21.5 hours to 26 hours, from 21.5 hours to 27 hours,from 21.5 hours to 28 hours, from 21.5 hours to 29 hours, from 21.5hours to 30 hours, from 21.5 hours to 31 hours, from 21.5 hours to 32hours, from 21.5 hours to 33 hours, from 21.5 hours to 34 hours, from21.5 hours to 35 hours, from 21.5 hours to 36 hours, from 22 hours to22.5 hours, from 22 hours to 23 hours, from 22 hours to 23.5 hours, from22 hours to 24 hours, from 22 hours to 25 hours, from 22 hours to 26hours, from 22 hours to 27 hours, from 22 hours to 28 hours, from 22hours to 29 hours, from 22 hours to 30 hours, from 22 hours to 31 hours,from 22 hours to 32 hours, from 22 hours to 33 hours, from 22 hours to34 hours, from 22 hours to 35 hours, from 22 hours to 36 hours, from22.5 hours to 23 hours, from 22.5 hours to 23.5 hours, from 22.5 hoursto 24 hours, from 22.5 hours to 25 hours, from 22.5 hours to 26 hours,from 22.5 hours to 27 hours, from 22.5 hours to 28 hours, from 22.5hours to 29 hours, from 22.5 hours to 30 hours, from 22.5 hours to 31hours, from 22.5 hours to 32 hours, from 22.5 hours to 33 hours, from22.5 hours to 34 hours, from 22.5 hours to 35 hours, from 22.5 hours to36 hours, from 23 hours to 23.5 hours, from 23 hours to 24 hours, from23 hours to 25 hours, from 23 hours to 26 hours, from 23 hours to 27hours, from 23 hours to 28 hours, from 23 hours to 29 hours, from 23hours to 30 hours, from 23 hours to 31 hours, from 23 hours to 32 hours,from 23 hours to 33 hours, from 23 hours to 34 hours, from 23 hours to35 hours, from 23 hours to 36 hours, from 23.5 hours to 24 hours, from23.5 hours to 25 hours, from 23.5 hours to 26 hours, from 23.5 hours to27 hours, from 23.5 hours to 28 hours, from 23.5 hours to 29 hours, from23.5 hours to 30 hours, from 23.5 hours to 31 hours, from 23.5 hours to32 hours, from 23.5 hours to 33 hours, from 23.5 hours to 34 hours, from23.5 hours to 35 hours, from 23.5 hours to 36 hours, from 24 hours to 25hours, from 24 hours to 26 hours, from 24 hours to 27 hours, from 24hours to 28 hours, from 24 hours to 29 hours, from 24 hours to 30 hours,from 24 hours to 31 hours, from 24 hours to 32 hours, from 24 hours to33 hours, from 24 hours to 34 hours, from 24 hours to 35 hours, from 24hours to 36 hours, from 25 hours to 26 hours, from 25 hours to 27 hours,from 25 hours to 28 hours, from 25 hours to 29 hours, from 25 hours to30 hours, from 25 hours to 31 hours, from 25 hours to 32 hours, from 25hours to 33 hours, from 25 hours to 34 hours, from 25 hours to 35 hours,from 25 hours to 36 hours, from 26 hours to 27 hours, from 26 hours to28 hours, from 26 hours to 29 hours, from 26 hours to 30 hours, from 26hours to 31 hours, from 26 hours to 32 hours, from 26 hours to 33 hours,from 26 hours to 34 hours, from 26 hours to 35 hours, from 26 hours to36 hours, from 27 hours to 28 hours, from 27 hours to 29 hours, from 27hours to 30 hours, from 27 hours to 31 hours, from 27 hours to 32 hours,from 27 hours to 33 hours, from 27 hours to 34 hours, from 27 hours to35 hours, from 27 hours to 36 hours, from 28 hours to 29 hours, from 28hours to 30 hours, from 28 hours to 31 hours, from 28 hours to 32 hours,from 28 hours to 33 hours, from 28 hours to 34 hours, from 28 hours to35 hours, from 28 hours to 36 hours, from 29 hours to 30 hours, from 29hours to 31 hours, from 29 hours to 32 hours, from 29 hours to 33 hours,from 29 hours to 34 hours, from 29 hours to 35 hours, from 29 hours to36 hours, from 30 hours to 31 hours, from 30 hours to 32 hours, from 30hours to 33 hours, from 30 hours to 34 hours, from 30 hours to 35 hours,from 30 hours to 36 hours, from 31 hours to 32 hours, from 31 hours to33 hours, from 31 hours to 34 hours, from 31 hours to 35 hours, from 31hours to 36 hours, from 32 hours to 33 hours, from 32 hours to 34 hours,from 32 hours to 35 hours, from 32 hours to 36 hours, from 33 hours to34 hours, from 33 hours to 35 hours, from 33 hours to 36 hours, from 34hours to 35 hours, from 34 hours to 36 hours, or from 35 hours to 36hours.

In some embodiments, during the soaking, a size of the β-phaseintermetallic particles decreases as compared to a size of the β-phaseintermetallic particles prior to the soaking. In some embodiments,during the soaking, a number density of the β-phase intermetallicparticles in the cast aluminum alloy product decreases as compared to anumber density of the β-phase intermetallic particles in the castaluminum alloy product prior to the soaking.

Methods of this aspect may optionally further comprise subjecting thehomogenized aluminum alloy product to one or more rolling processes toproduce a rolled aluminum alloy product. Optionally, the one or morerolling processes comprise at least one of a hot rolling process or acold rolling process. Optionally, the hot rolling process may comprisean exit temperature of from 100° C. to 500° C., such as from from 100°C. to 150° C., from 100° C. to 200° C., from 100° C. to 250° C., from100° C. to 300° C., from 100° C. to 350° C., from 100° C. to 400° C.,from 100° C. to 450° C., from 150° C. to 200° C., from 150° C. to 250°C., from 150° C. to 300° C., from 150° C. to 350° C., from 150° C. to400° C., from 150° C. to 450° C., from 150° C. to 500° C., from 200° C.to 250° C., from 200° C. to 300° C., from 200° C. to 350° C., from 200°C. to 400° C., from 200° C. to 450° C., from 200° C. to 500° C., from250° C. to 300° C., from 250° C. to 350° C., from 250° C. to 400° C.,from 250° C. to 450° C., from 250° C. to 500° C., from 300° C. to 350°C., from 300° C. to 400° C., from 300° C. to 450° C., from 300° C. to500° C., from 350° C. to 400° C., from 350° C. to 450° C., from 350° C.to 500° C., from 400° C. to 450° C., from 400° C. to 500° C., or from450° C. to 500° C. Optionally, the rolled aluminum alloy productproduced by the hot rolling process has a thickness from 1 mm to 8 mm,such as from 1 mm to 2 mm, from 1 mm to 3 mm, from 1 mm to 4 mm, from 1mm to 5 mm, from 1 mm to 6 mm, from 1 mm to 7 mm, from 2 mm to 3 mm,from 2 mm to 4 mm, from 2 mm to 5 mm, from 2 mm to 6 mm, from 2 mm to 7mm, from 2 mm to 8 mm, from 3 mm to 4 mm, from 3 mm to 5 mm, from 3 mmto 6 mm, from 3 mm to 7 mm, from 3 mm to 8 mm, from 4 mm to 5 mm, from 4mm to 6 mm, from 4 mm to 7 mm, from 4 mm to 8 mm, from 5 mm to 6 mm,from 5 mm to 7 mm, from 5 mm to 8 mm, from 6 mm to 7 mm, from 6 mm to 8mm, or from 7 mm to 8 mm.

Optionally, the cold rolling process may comprise an exit temperature offrom 50° C. to 250° C., such as from 50° C. to 100° C., from 50° C. to150° C., from 50° C. to 200° C., from 100° C. to 150° C., from 100° C.to 200° C., from 100° C. to 250° C., from 150° C. to 200° C., from 150°C. to 250° C., or from 200° C. to 250° C. Optionally, the rolledaluminum alloy product produced by the cold rolling process has athickness from 0.15 mm to 0.50 mm, such as from 0.15 mm to 0.20 mm, from0.15 mm to 0.25 mm, , from 0.15 mm to 0.30 mm, from 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm,from 0.15 mm to 0.40 mm, from 0.15 mm to 0.45 mm, from 0.15 mm to 0.50mm, from 0.20 mm to 0.25 mm, from 0.20 mm to 0.30 mm, from 0.20 mm to0.35 mm, from 0.20 mm to 0.40 mm, from 0.20 mm to 0.45 mm, from 0.20 mmto 0.50 mm, from 0.25 mm to 0.30 mm, from 0.25 mm to 0.35 mm, from 0.25mm to 0.40 mm, from 0.25 mm to 0.45 mm, from 0.25 mm to 0.50 mm, from0.30 mm to 0.35 mm, from 0.30 mm to 0.40 mm, from 0.30 mm to 0.50 mm,from 0.35 mm to 0.40 mm, from 0.35 mm to 0.45 mm, from 0.35 mm to 0.50mm, from 0.40 mm to 0.45 mm, from 0.40 mm to 0.50 mm, or from 0.45 mm to0.50 mm.

In another aspect, methods for improving formability of a metal productare provided. An example method of this aspect comprises providing acast metal product comprising a metal composite, wherein the metalcomposite comprises iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein aratio of a silicon wt. % in the metal composite to an iron wt. % in themetal composite is from 0.5 to 1.0, and homogenizing the cast metalproduct to control an inter-particle spacing of the plurality ofparticles and to control a particle density of the plurality ofparticles such to achieve a ratio of a peak inter-particle spacing to aparticle number density from 0.0003/µm to 0.0006/µm. Optionally, themetal composite includes a plurality of particles including α-phaseintermetallic particles comprising silicon and one or more of iron ormanganese and β-phase intermetallic particles comprising one or more ofiron or manganese.

In some embodiments, the metal composite of the method describedincludes an inter-particle spacing is from 1 µm to 25 µm. In someembodiments, the metal composite of the method described includes theparticle density is from 5 to 30,000 particles per µm².

In some embodiments, the metal composite of the method describedincludes the particle density is from 50 to 1,000 particles per µm². Insome embodiments, the metal composite of the method described includesthe plurality of particles comprising a particle diameter from 1 µm to50 µm. Optionally, the plurality of particles may have diameters of from500 nm to 50 µm.

Various homogenizing conditions are useful with the methods describedherein. For example, the homogenization temperature may be from 400° C.to less than the melting point of aluminum (e.g., 660° C.) or to lessthan the solidus point of the particular alloy. For example, an exampletime duration for the soaking may be from 0.1 hours to 48 hours.Optionally, the homogenization temperature is within 25° C. of a solidustemperature of the cast metal product.

The source aluminum alloy(s) for the aluminum alloy products preparedaccording to the above described methods may correspond to the sameseries aluminum alloy or a mixture of different series aluminum alloys.Optionally, preparing the cast aluminum alloy product comprisespreparing a molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy and casting the molten3xxx series aluminum alloy. Optionally, preparing the molten 3xxx seriesaluminum alloy comprises melting both a 3xxx series source aluminumalloy and a 5xxx series source aluminum alloy. Optionally, the 3xxxseries source aluminum alloy and the 5xxx series source aluminum alloyare from a recycled source. In some embodiments, aluminum alloysincluding a higher percentage of silicon may be useful for achieving atarget silicon to iron ratio. For example, preparing the molten aluminumalloy optionally further comprises melting a 4xxx series aluminum alloyor a 6xxx series aluminum alloy along with a 3xxx series source aluminumalloy and a 5xxx series source aluminum alloy.

In some embodiments, multiple homogenization steps may be useful. Forexample, a secondary lower temperature homogenization after a first,higher temperature and/or long duration, homogenization may be usefulfor preparing an aluminum alloy product, such as for rolling or otherprocessing. A multiple-step homogenization process may include reducinga temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product to a secondhomogenization temperature less than the first homogenizationtemperature; and soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at thesecond homogenization temperature for a second time duration, such as asecond time duration that is shorter than the time duration of theinitial long-duration soak. For example, the second time duration may befrom 1 hour to 24 hours, such as from 1 hour to 2 hours, from 1 hour to3 hours, from 1 hour to 4 hours, from 1 hour to 5 hours, from 1 hour to6 hours, from 1 hour to 7 hours, from 1 hour to 8 hours, from 1 hour to9 hours, from 1 hour to 10 hours, from 1 hour to 11 hours, from 1 hourto 12 hours, from 1 hour to 13 hours, from 1 hour to 14 hours, from 1hour to 15 hours, from 1 hour to 16 hours, from 1 hour to 17 hours, from1 hour to 18 hours, from 1 hour to 19 hours, from 1 hour to 20 hours,from 1 hour to 21 hours, from 1 hour to 22 hours, from 1 hour to 23hours, from 2 hours to 3 hours, from 2 hours to 4 hours, from 2 hours to5 hours, from 2 hours to 6 hours, from 2 hours to 7 hours, from 2 hoursto 8 hours, from 2 hours to 9 hours, from 2 hours to 10 hours, from 2hours to 11 hours, from 2 hours to 12 hours, from 2 hours to 13 hours,from 2 hours to 14 hours, from 2 hours to 15 hours, from 2 hours to 16hours, from 2 hours to 17 hours, from 2 hours to 18 hours, from 2 hoursto 19 hours, from 2 hours to 20 hours, from 2 hours to 21 hours, from 2hours to 22 hours, from 2 hours to 23 hours, from 2 hours to 24 hours,from 3 hours to 4 hours, from 3 hours to 5 hours, from 3 hours to 6hours, from 3 hours to 7 hours, from 3 hours to 8 hours, from 3 hours to9 hours, from 3 hours to 10 hours, from 3 hours to 11 hours, from 3hours to 12 hours, from 3 hours to 13 hours, from 3 hours to 14 hours,from 3 hours to 15 hours, from 3 hours to 16 hours, from 3 hours to 17hours, from 3 hours to 18 hours, from 3 hours to 19 hours, from 3 hoursto 20 hours, from 3 hours to 21 hours, from 3 hours to 22 hours, from 3hours to 23 hours, from 3 hours to 24 hours, from 4 hours to 5 hours,from 4 hours to 6 hours, from 4 hours to 7 hours, from 4 hours to 8hours, from 4 hours to 9 hours, from 4 hours to 10 hours, from 4 hoursto 11 hours, from 4 hours to 12 hours, from 4 hours to 13 hours, from 4hours to 14 hours, from 4 hours to 15 hours, from 4 hours to 16 hours,from 4 hours to 17 hours, from 4 hours to 18 hours, from 4 hours to 19hours, from 4 hours to 20 hours, from 4 hours to 21 hours, from 4 hoursto 22 hours, from 4 hours to 23 hours, from 4 hours to 24 hours, from 5hours to 6 hours, from 5 hours to 7 hours, from 5 hours to 8 hours, from5 hours to 9 hours, from 5 hours to 10 hours, from 5 hours to 11 hours,from 5 hours to 12 hours, from 5 hours to 13 hours, from 5 hours to 14hours, from 5 hours to 15 hours, from 5 hours to 16 hours, from 5 hoursto 17 hours, from 5 hours to 18 hours, from 5 hours to 19 hours, from 5hours to 20 hours, from 5 hours to 21 hours, from 5 hours to 22 hours,from 5 hours to 23 hours, from 5 hours to 24 hours, from 6 hours to 7hours, from 6 hours to 8 hours, from 6 hours to 9 hours, from 6 hours to10 hours, from 6 hours to 11 hours, from 6 hours to 12 hours, from 6hours to 13 hours, from 6 hours to 14 hours, from 6 hours to 15 hours,from 6 hours to 16 hours, from 6 hours to 17 hours, from 6 hours to 18hours, from 6 hours to 19 hours, from 6 hours to 20 hours, from 6 hoursto 21 hours, from 6 hours to 22 hours, from 6 hours to 23 hours, from 6hours to 24 hours, from 7 hours to 8 hours, from 7 hours to 9 hours,from 7 hours to 10 hours, from 7 hours to 11 hours, from 7 hours to 12hours, from 7 hours to 13 hours, from 7 hours to 14 hours, from 7 hoursto 15 hours, from 7 hours to 16 hours, from 7 hours to 17 hours, from 7hours to 18 hours, from 7 hours to 19 hours, from 7 hours to 20 hours,from 7 hours to 21 hours, from 7 hours to 22 hours, from 7 hours to 23hours, from 7 hours to 24 hours, from 8 hours to 9 hours, from 8 hoursto 10 hours, from 8 hours to 11 hours, from 8 hours to 12 hours, from 8hours to 13 hours, from 8 hours to 14 hours, from 8 hours to 15 hours,from 8 hours to 16 hours, from 8 hours to 17 hours, from 8 hours to 18hours, from 8 hours to 19 hours, from 8 hours to 20 hours, from 8 hoursto 21 hours, from 8 hours to 22 hours, from 8 hours to 23 hours, from 8hours to 24 hours, from 9 hours to 10 hours, from 9 hours to 11 hours,from 9 hours to 12 hours, from 9 hours to 13 hours, from 9 hours to 14hours, from 9 hours to 15 hours, from 9 hours to 16 hours, from 9 hoursto 17 hours, from 9 hours to 18 hours, from 9 hours to 19 hours, from 9hours to 20 hours, from 9 hours to 21 hours, from 9 hours to 22 hours,from 9 hours to 23 hours, from 9 hours to 24 hours, from 10 hours to 11hours, from 10 hours to 12 hours, from 10 hours to 13 hours, from 10hours to 14 hours, from 10 hours to 15 hours, from 10 hours to 16 hours,from 10 hours to 17 hours, from 10 hours to 18 hours, from 10 hours to19 hours, from 10 hours to 20 hours, from 10 hours to 21 hours, from 10hours to 22 hours, from 10 hours to 23 hours, from 10 hours to 24 hours,from 11 hours to 12 hours, from 11 hours to 13 hours, from 11 hours to14 hours, from 11 hours to 15 hours, from 11 hours to 16 hours, from 11hours to 17 hours, from 11 hours to 18 hours, from 11 hours to 19 hours,from 11 hours to 20 hours, from 11 hours to 21 hours, from 11 hours to22 hours, from 11 hours to 23 hours, from 11 hours to 24 hours, from 12hours to 13 hours, from 12 hours to 14 hours, from 12 hours to 15 hours,from 12 hours to 16 hours, from 12 hours to 17 hours, from 12 hours to18 hours, from 12 hours to 19 hours, from 12 hours to 20 hours, from 12hours to 21 hours, from 12 hours to 22 hours, from 12 hours to 23 hours,from 12 hours to 24 hours, from 13 hours to 14 hours, from 13 hours to15 hours, from 13 hours to 16 hours, from 13 hours to 17 hours, from 13hours to 18 hours, from 13 hours to 19 hours, from 13 hours to 20 hours,from 13 hours to 21 hours, from 13 hours to 22 hours, from 13 hours to23 hours, from 13 hours to 24 hours, from 14 hours to 16 hours, from 14hours to 17 hours, from 14 hours to 18 hours, from 14 hours to 19 hours,from 14 hours to 20 hours, from 14 hours to 21 hours, from 14 hours to22 hours, from 14 hours to 23 hours, from 14 hours to 24 hours, from 15hours to 16 hours, from 15 hours to 17 hours, from 15 hours to 18 hours,from 15 hours to 19 hours, from 15 hours to 20 hours, from 15 hours to21 hours, from 15 hours to 22 hours, from 15 hours to 23 hours, from 15hours to 24 hours, from 16 hours to 17 hours, from 16 hours to 18 hours,from 16 hours to 19 hours, from 16 hours to 20 hours, from 16 hours to21 hours, from 16 hours to 22 hours, from 16 hours to 23 hours, from 16hours to 24 hours, from 17 hours to 18 hours, from 17 hours to 19 hours,from 17 hours to 20 hours, from 17 hours to 21 hours, from 17 hours to22 hours, from 17 hours to 23 hours, from 17 hours to 24 hours, from 18hours to 19 hours, from 18 hours to 20 hours, from 18 hours to 21 hours,from 18 hours to 22 hours, from 18 hours to 23 hours, from 18 hours to24 hours, from 19 hours to 20 hours, from 19 hours to 21 hours, from 19hours to 22 hours, from 19 hours to 23 hours, from 19 hours to 24 hours,from 20 hours to 21 hours, from 20 hours to 22 hours, from 20 hours to23 hours, from 20 hours to 24 hours, from 21 hours to 22 hours, from 21hours to 23 hours, from 21 hours to 24 hours, from 22 hours to 23 hours,from 22 hours to 24 hours, or from 23 hours to 24 hours.

Optionally, the secondary lower temperature for homogenization, after aninitial homogenization at higher temperature, is from 500° C. to 580°C., such as from 500° C. to 505° C., from 500° C. to 510° C., from 500°C. to 515° C., from 500° C. to 520° C., from 500° C. to 525° C., from500° C. to 530° C., from 500° C. to 535° C., from 500° C. to 540° C.,from 500° C. to 545° C., from 500° C. to 550° C., from 500° C. to 555°C., from 500° C. to 560° C., from 500° C. to 565° C., from 500° C. to570° C., from 500° C. to 575° C., from 505° C. to 510° C., from 505° C.to 515° C., from 505° C. to 520° C., from 505° C. to 525° C., from 505°C. to 530° C., from 505° C. to 535° C., from 505° C. to 540° C., from505° C. to 545° C., from 505° C. to 550° C., from 505° C. to 555° C.,from 505° C. to 560° C., from 505° C. to 565° C., from 505° C. to 570°C., from 505° C. to 575° C., from 510° C. to 515° C., from 510° C. to520° C., from 510° C. to 525° C., from 510° C. to 530° C., from 510° C.to 535° C., from 510° C. to 540° C., from 510° C. to 545° C., from 510°C. to 550° C., from 510° C. to 555° C., from 510° C. to 560° C., from510° C. to 565° C., from 510° C. to 570° C., from 510° C. to 575° C.,from 510° C. to 580° C., from 515° C. to 520° C., from 515° C. to 525°C., from 515° C. to 530° C., from 515° C. to 535° C., from 515° C. to540° C., from 515° C. to 545° C., from 515° C. to 550° C., from 515° C.to 555° C., from 515° C. to 560° C., from 515° C. to 565° C., from 515°C. to 570° C., from 515° C. to 575° C., from 515° C. to 580° C., from520° C. to 525° C., from 520° C. to 530° C., from 520° C. to 535° C.,from 520° C. to 540° C., from 520° C. to 545° C., from 520° C. to 550°C., from 520° C. to 555° C., from 520° C. to 560° C., from 520° C. to565° C., from 520° C. to 570° C., from 520° C. to 575° C., from 520° C.to 580° C., from 525° C. to 530° C., from 525° C. to 535° C., from 525°C. to 540° C., from 525° C. to 545° C., from 525° C. to 550° C., from525° C. to 555° C., from 525° C. to 560° C., from 525° C. to 565° C.,from 525° C. to 570° C., from 525° C. to 575° C., from 525° C. to 580°C., from 530° C. to 535° C., from 530° C. to 540° C., from 530° C. to545° C., from 530° C. to 550° C., from 530° C. to 555° C., from 530° C.to 560° C., from 530° C. to 565° C., from 530° C. to 570° C., from 530°C. to 575° C., from 530° C. to 580° C., from 535° C. to 540° C., from535° C. to 545° C., from 535° C. to 550° C., from 535° C. to 555° C.,from 535° C. to 560° C., from 535° C. to 565° C., from 535° C. to 570°C., from 535° C. to 575° C., from 535° C. to 580° C., from 540° C. to545° C., from 540° C. to 550° C., from 540° C. to 555° C., from 540° C.to 560° C., from 540° C. to 565° C., from 540° C. to 570° C., from 540°C. to 575° C., from 540° C. to 580° C., from 545° C. to 550° C., from545° C. to 555° C., from 545° C. to 560° C., from 545° C. to 565° C.,from 545° C. to 570° C., from 545° C. to 575° C., from 545° C. to 580°C., from 550° C. to 555° C., from 550° C. to 560° C., from 550° C. to565° C., from 550° C. to 570° C., from 550° C. to 575° C., from 550° C.to 580° C., from 555° C. to 560° C., from 555° C. to 565° C., from 555°C. to 570° C., from 555° C. to 575° C., from 555° C. to 580° C., from560° C. to 565° C., from 560° C. to 570° C., from 560° C. to 575° C.,from 560° C. to 580° C., from 565° C. to 570° C., from 565° C. to 575°C., from 565° C. to 580° C., from 570° C. to 575° C., from 570° C. to580° C., or from 575° C. to 580° C. In some embodiments, soaking thehomogenized aluminum alloy product at the second homogenizationtemperature controls a surface quality or characteristic of thehomogenized aluminum alloy product. Optionally, soaking the homogenizedaluminum alloy product at the second homogenization temperature brings atemperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product to a temperaturesufficient for a rolling process. Disclosed methods may optionallyinclude subjecting the homogenized aluminum alloy product to one or morerolling processes to produce a rolled aluminum alloy product.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the followingdetailed description of non-limiting examples.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The specification makes reference to the following appended figures, inwhich use of like reference numerals in different figures is intended toillustrate like or analogous components.

FIG. 1 provides an illustrative graph showing a relationship betweenformability of an aluminum alloy and average particle size according tosome embodiments.

FIG. 2A provides a schematic illustration of an aluminum alloy samplehaving particles according to some embodiments.

FIG. 2B provides a schematic illustration of forces being exerted on analuminum alloy sample having particles according to some embodiments.

FIG. 2C provides a schematic illustration of crack propagation in analuminum alloy sample having particles according to some embodiments.

FIG. 2D provides a schematic illustration of cracking of an aluminumalloy sample having particles according to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 provides an optical micrograph image of a crack propagatingthrough an aluminum alloy having particles according some embodiments.

FIG. 4 provides a schematic overview of an example method for making analuminum alloy product.

FIG. 5 provides a plot showing example homogenization conditions usedfor making aluminum alloy products.

FIG. 6 provides a method of making an aluminum alloy having favorableparticle density and inter-particle spacing according to someembodiments.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B provide plots showing predicted equilibrium phasediagrams for two example 3xxx series aluminum alloys.

FIG. 8 provides electron micrograph images for samples of two example3xxx series aluminum alloys as cast and after processing according totwo different processing regimes.

FIG. 9 provides electrical conductivity data for samples of two example3xxx series aluminum alloys processed according to two differentprocessing regimes.

FIG. 10 provides electron micrograph images for samples of two example3xxx series aluminum alloys processed according to two differentprocessing regimes.

FIG. 11 provides electron micrograph images for samples of two example3xxx series aluminum alloys processed according to two differentprocessing regimes.

FIG. 12 provides particle size distributions for samples of two example3xxx series aluminum alloys processed according to two differentprocessing regimes.

FIG. 13 provides images for samples of two example 3xxx series aluminumalloys processed according to two different processing regimes.

FIG. 14 provides images for samples of two example 3xxx series aluminumalloys processed according to two different processing regimes.

FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B provide charts showing tensile properties forsamples of two example 3xxx series aluminum alloys processed accordingto two different processing regimes.

FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B provide plots showing bendability test results forsamples of two example 3xxx series aluminum alloys processed accordingto two different processing regimes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure provides aluminum alloy products and methods ofmaking and treating aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy products. In someexamples, the aluminum alloys used in the methods and products describedherein include, for example, 3xxx series aluminum alloys, 4xxx seriesaluminum alloys, 5xxx series aluminum alloys, or 6xxx series aluminumalloys. In some examples, the aluminum alloys may include an alloymatrix comprising aluminum, magnesium, manganese, silicon, iron, andoptionally copper. By way of non-limiting example, 3xxx series aluminumalloys may be particularly useful with the disclosed methods andproducts. Exemplary 3xxx series (also referred to herein as AA3xxxseries) aluminum alloys for use in the methods and products describedherein can include AA3002, AA3102, AA3003, AA3103, AA3103A, AA3103B,AA3203, AA3403, AA3004, AA3004A, AA3104, AA3204, AA3304, AA3005,AA3005A, AA3405, AA3405A, AA3405B, AA3007, AA3407, AA3207, AA3207A,AA3307, AA3009, AA3010, AA3410, AA3011, AA3012, AA3012A, AA3013, AA3014,AA3015, AA3016, AA3017, AA3019, AA3020, AA3021, AA3025, AA3026, AA3030,AA3130, or AA3065.

Specifically, the present disclosure relates to aluminum alloy productshaving improved formability. Large particles formed within aluminumalloy products may reduce the formability of the aluminum alloy productsbecause large particles can increase cracking susceptibility and canreduce the overall strength of aluminum alloy products. Voids may formaround particles, especially large particles, within the aluminum alloymaterial. Large particles often have increased porosity, reducedductility, and can be more brittle than the aluminum alloy materialsurrounding the particle. The difference in material properties betweenthe particles and aluminum alloy matrix may concentrate stress or strainapplied to the aluminum alloy product around the particles. The largerthe particle, the greater the propensity for stress or strain toconcentrate around the particle. For example, excess or overly largeparticles may cause tear off to occur during manufacturing processes,such as during drawing or necking of the aluminum alloy, because of theweak points formed around the particles. In other scenarios, largeparticles may cause an aluminum alloy product to split or fractureduring use.

A general approach to increasing formability is to reduce particle size.However, when the alloy composition is fixed as particle size isreduced, the density of particles within a set volume of aluminum alloyincreases, since the particles may simply decrease in size by breakinginto multiple smaller particles. Increased particle density may also bedetrimental to the formability of aluminum alloy products. As particledensity increases, the particles become closer together, on average,reducing the spacing between proximate particles (inter-particlespacing). Reduced or low inter-particle spacing may be problematicbecause crack propagation may take less energy when particles are spacedclose together, as cracks may preferentially extend between particles.For example, when an aluminum alloy is under stress or strain from useor during the manufacturing process (i.e., being stretched or pulled),cracks may form from voids present around particles or weak pointswithin the aluminum alloy. A reduction in inter-particle spacing mayincrease crack propagation from the weak points around particles becauseless energy may be required for the crack to reach the next nearestparticle. Thus, in some cases, reducing particle size can actually bedetrimental to the formability of aluminum alloy products.

Accordingly, controlling particle size and inter-particle spacing may beuseful for making aluminum alloy products having improved or optimalformability. Advantageously, the presently described aluminum alloyproducts may exhibit particle sizes and inter-particle spacing thatlimit or reduce tear off and/or stress induced cracking (i.e., improveformability). Specifically, the aluminum alloys disclosed herein mayinclude an elemental composition which allows for formation of favorableparticle size and favorable inter-particle spacing.

The aluminum alloys disclosed herein may also allow for an increase inrecycled source content. Increasing the recycled source content of analuminum alloy can reduce the formability of the aluminum alloy productbecause of certain higher alloying components present within therecycled source content. Recycled source content is generally a mixtureof multiple different types of materials. Thus, the composition of therecycled source content can sometimes include undesirable components inundesirable amounts. Generally, the mixed composition may createundesirable particles upon casting and/or processing. For example, theparticles may exhibit undesirable composition, sizing, and/or spacing.Accordingly, by use of the disclosed techniques, particle size andparticle density can be controlled to a level that may be able tocompensate for the mixed composition and therefore be compatible withhigh amounts of recycled source content without impacting theformability character of the resultant aluminum alloy product.

Aluminum alloy products can be prepared by casting an aluminum alloy toform a cast aluminum alloy product and homogenizing the cast aluminumalloy product to form a homogenized aluminum alloy product. During acasting process, aluminum alloy products containing iron and manganesemay generate intermetallic particles comprising Al and one or more of Feor Mn, which may be referred to herein as Al-(Fe, Mn) intermetallicparticles or β-phase intermetallic particles, within the cast aluminumalloy product. When silicon is present, intermetallic particlescomprising Al, Si, and one or more of Fe or Mn, also referred to hereinas Al-(Fe, Mn)-Si intermetallic particles or α-phase intermetallicparticles, may also be generated. As some amounts of iron and siliconare generally present in almost all aluminum alloys, many aluminumalloys may include such intermetallic particles upon casting.

Each of these particle types exhibits different properties andcontributes in different ways to the structure of the aluminum alloy.For example, β-phase particles tend to be larger and more blocky orgeometric than α-phase particles, while α-phase particles are harder andtend to be smaller than β-phase particles, in general. During hot andcold rolling, intermetallic particles may be broken, impacting theirsize, distribution, and number density, for example.

The presence of intermetallic particles in a cast aluminum alloy productmay be beneficial. For example, aluminum alloys including intermetallicparticles can be beneficial for forming aluminum beverage containerssince the intermetallic particles may be significantly harder than otherportions of the aluminum alloy product. During drawing, ironing, andnecking, the hard intermetallic particles can reduce galling by cleaningdie surfaces. For example, the intermetallic particles may abradedrawing, ironing, and necking dies and reduce or remove metal built upon the die surfaces.

As the beverage container making process progresses through variousdrawing, ironing, and necking processes, wall thicknesses are reduced.The presence of β-phase intermetallic particles may be detrimental,however, when wall thicknesses are reduced during these processes if theβ-phase particles are too large or present at too high of an amount.Excess or overly large β-phase particles may cause tear off to occurduring drawing or necking, where the beverage container wall splits orfractures, damaging the beverage container wall. Tear off, in somecases, may interrupt the manufacturing processes, as wall portions maycompletely separate from a damaged beverage container and may need to beremoved from within the die or other manufacturing equipment.

Advantageously, however, the presently described aluminum alloy productsexhibit intermetallic particle sizes, distributions, concentrations, andcompositions that limit or reduce tear off. By using an increased ratioof silicon to iron, the disclosed aluminum alloy products maypreferentially generate α-phase intermetallic particles, such as byconverting β-phase intermetallic particles to α-phase intermetallicparticles during a homogenization process.

Further, during homogenization at high temperatures, alloying elementsmay diffuse and migrate throughout a crystal structure of a castaluminum alloy product and change the size, distribution, concentration,and composition of intermetallic particles. For example, silicon atomspresent in the aluminum crystal structure may diffuse into β-phaseintermetallic particles and transform the particles into α-phaseintermetallic particles. Since silicon may be present in low amounts,such as less than about 1 wt. %, it may take significant time forsilicon to diffuse and accumulate in the β-phase intermetallic particlesin the cast product, so long duration homogenization may be useful foreffecting significant transformation of β-phase intermetallic particles.By homogenizing at high temperatures for a time duration greater than 12hours or 24 hours, for example, silicon from the aluminum alloy maydiffuse and transform at least a fraction of the β-phase intermetallicparticles into α-phase intermetallic particles.

Example homogenization conditions may include soaking a cast aluminumalloy product at a high temperature for 12 hours or 24 hours or more.For example, soaking may occur at a homogenization temperature of fromabout 575° C. to about 615° C., from about 580° C. to about 610° C., orfrom about 585° C. to about 605° C. A secondary homogenization processmay also be useful for some embodiments. For example, a temperature ofthe homogenized aluminum alloy product may be reduced to a lowertemperature and the aluminum alloy product may be held (soaked) at thelower temperature for a particular time duration. Example secondaryhomogenization temperatures include from about 500° C. to about 600° C.,and may be dependent upon the particular alloy. Example secondaryhomogenization soak time durations include from about 1 hour to about 24hours. A secondary homogenization at reduced temperature of this typemay be useful for controlling and/or improving a surface quality orcharacteristic of the homogenized aluminum alloy product.

During homogenization, the size, composition, concentration, anddistribution of intermetallic particles may change. For example, β-phaseintermetallic particles may take up silicon atoms and be transformedinto α-phase particles, at least in part, which may reduce the sizes ofany residual β-phase intermetallic particles. Thus, an average size ofβ-phase intermetallic particles may decrease during homogenization orsoaking. Similarly, a number density of β-phase intermetallic particlesmay decrease during homogenization or soaking. In some embodiments, anamount of β-phase intermetallic particles are transformed into α-phaseintermetallic particles during homogenization or soaking, such as fromabout 30% to about 100%. A number density of α-phase intermetallicparticles may increase during homogenization or soaking. Number densityratios of α-phase intermetallic particles to β-phase intermetallicparticles of from about 2 to about 1000 may be achieved by the longduration homogenization processes described herein. As cast, however,number density ratios of α-phase intermetallic particles to β-phaseintermetallic particles may be from about 0.3 to about 3 for example.

Aluminum alloys used for the methods and products described herein maycorrespond to recycled materials, such as recycled beverage containers.In the process of casting the aluminum alloys, source materials, such asrecycled beverage containers may be melted to prepare a molten aluminumalloy. As beverage containers tend to include 3xxx series manganesecontaining aluminum alloys (e.g., AA3104) and 5xxx series magnesiumcontaining aluminum alloys (e.g., AA5182), this source material may beuseful for preparing new aluminum alloy products for making new beveragecontainers. For cases where a silicon to iron ratio (e.g., wt. % ratio)is to be increased to obtain the benefits described above with respectto intermetallic particles, an additional source of silicon may be used.For example, other silicon containing alloys may be added to the moltenaluminum, such as a 4xxx series aluminum alloy or a 6xxx series aluminumalloy. In some cases, these sources of supplemental silicon maycorrespond to recycled aluminum alloy materials.

Non-limiting exemplary AA4xxx series alloys for use in the methodsdescribed herein can include AA4004, AA4104, AA4006, AA4007, AA4008,AA4009, AA4010, AA4013, AA4014, AA4015, AA4015A, AA4115, AA4016, AA4017,AA4018, AA4019, AA4020, AA4021, AA4026, AA4032, AA4043, AA4043A, AA4143,AA4343, AA4643, AA4943, AA4044, AA4045, AA4145, AA4145A, AA4046, AA4047,AA4047A, or AA4147.

Non-limiting exemplary AA6xxx series alloys for use in the methodsdescribed herein can include AA6101, AA6101A, AA6101B, AA6201, AA6201A,AA6401, AA6501, AA6002, AA6003, AA6103, AA6005, AA6005A, AA6005B,AA6005C, AA6105, AA6205, AA6305, AA6006, AA6106, AA6206, AA6306, AA6008,AA6009, AA6010, AA6110, AA6110A, AA6011, AA6111, AA6012, AA6012A,AA6013, AA6113, AA6014, AA6015, AA6016, AA6016A, AA6116, AA6018, AA6019,AA6020, AA6021, AA6022, AA6023, AA6024, AA6025, AA6026, AA6027, AA6028,AA6031, AA6032, AA6033, AA6040, AA6041, AA6042, AA6043, AA6151, AA6351,AA6351A, AA6451, AA6951, AA6053, AA6055, AA6056, AA6156, AA6060, AA6160,AA6260, AA6360, AA6460, AA6460B, AA6560, AA6660, AA6061, AA6061A,AA6261, AA6361, AA6162, AA6262, AA6262A, AA6063, AA6063A, AA6463,AA6463A, AA6763, A6963, AA6064, AA6064A, AA6065, AA6066, AA6068, AA6069,AA6070, AA6081, AA6181, AA6181A, AA6082, AA6082A, AA6182, AA6091, orAA6092.

Definitions and Descriptions

As used herein, the terms “invention,” “the invention,” “thisinvention,” and “the present invention” are intended to refer broadly toall of the subject matter of this patent application and the claimsbelow. Statements containing these terms should be understood not tolimit the subject matter described herein or to limit the meaning orscope of the patent claims below.

In this description, reference is made to alloys identified by AAnumbers and other related designations, such as “series” or “3xxx.” Foran understanding of the number designation system most commonly used innaming and identifying aluminum and its alloys, see “International AlloyDesignations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum andWrought Aluminum Alloys” or “Registration Record of Aluminum AssociationAlloy Designations and Chemical Compositions Limits for Aluminum Alloysin the Form of Castings and Ingot,” both published by The AluminumAssociation.

As used herein, a plate generally has a thickness of greater than about15 mm. For example, a plate may refer to an aluminum alloy producthaving a thickness of greater than about 15 mm, greater than about 20mm, greater than about 25 mm, greater than about 30 mm, greater thanabout 35 mm, greater than about 40 mm, greater than about 45 mm, greaterthan about 50 mm, or greater than about 100 mm.

As used herein, a shate (also referred to as a sheet plate) generallyhas a thickness of from about 4 mm to about 15 mm. For example, a shatemay have a thickness of about 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm,11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, or 15 mm.

As used herein, a sheet generally refers to an aluminum alloy producthaving a thickness of less than about 4 mm. For example, a sheet mayhave a thickness of less than about 4 mm, less than about 3 mm, lessthan about 2 mm, less than about 1 mm, less than about 0.5 mm, or lessthan about 0.3 mm (e.g., about 0.2 mm).

As used herein, terms such as “cast metal product,” “cast product,”“cast aluminum alloy product,” and the like are interchangeable andrefer to a product produced by direct chill casting (including directchill co-casting) or semi-continuous casting, continuous casting(including, for example, by use of a twin belt caster, a twin rollcaster, a block caster, or any other continuous caster), electromagneticcasting, hot top casting, or any other casting method.

As used herein, the meaning of “room temperature” can include atemperature of from about 15° C. to about 30° C., for example about 15°C., 16° C., 17° C., 18° C., 19° C., 20° C., 21° C., 22° C., 23° C., 24°C., 25° C., 26° C., 27° C., 28° C., 29° C., or 30° C. As used herein,the meaning of “ambient conditions” can include temperatures of aboutroom temperature, relative humidity of from about 20% to about 100%, andbarometric pressure of from about 975 millibar (mbar) to about 4050mbar. For example, relative humidity can be about 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%,24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%,38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%,52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%,66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%,80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or anywhere in between. For example,barometric pressure can be about 975 mbar, 980 mbar, 985 mbar, 990 mbar,995 mbar, 1000 mbar, 1005 mbar, 1010 mbar, 1015 mbar, 1020 mbar, 1025mbar, 1030 mbar, 1035 mbar, 1040 mbar, 1045 mbar, 4050 mbar, or anywherein between.

All ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any andall subranges subsumed therein. For example, a stated range of “1 to 10”should be considered to include any and all subranges between (andinclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; thatis, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more, e.g., 1to 6.1, and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less, e.g., 5.5 to 10.Unless stated otherwise, the expression “up to” when referring to thecompositional amount of an element means that element is optional andincludes a zero percent composition of that particular element. Unlessstated otherwise, all compositional percentages are in weight percent(wt. %).

As used herein, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes singularand plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Particle Size and Inter-Particle Spacing for Aluminum Alloys andAluminum Alloy Products

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to aluminum alloy products andmethods of making aluminum alloy products that have favorable particlesize and inter-particle spacing for improved formability. For example,the disclosed aluminum alloy products may have an elemental compositionthat allows for generation of favorable particle sizes while maintaininginter-particle spacing at a level sufficient to reduce crack formationand propagation. Generally, to increase formability of an aluminum alloyproduct, the size of included particles, such as intermetallicparticles, may be reduced. However, as particle size within an aluminumalloy product is reduced, the particle density may increase and theinter-particle spacing may decrease. Undesirably, when theinter-particle spacing becomes low, this may increase crackingsusceptibility and be detrimental to formability. The disclosed methods,techniques and products, however, overcome this characteristic bycontrolling the inter-particle spacing and particle size to a levelwhich minimizes or reduces crack susceptibility and crack propagation,resulting in a product with improved formability characteristics.

FIG. 1 provides a graph 100 that illustrates the relationship betweenaverage particle size and formability. Line 110 corresponds to atheoretical approach to improving formability. The theoretical approachdepicted by line 110 may illustrate the conventional approach toimproving formability by reducing particle size. As shown by line 110,as particle size increases the formability of the aluminum alloy productshould decrease. Conversely, as particle size decreases, theoretically,formability should increase. Such a relationship, however, does not holdtrue in practice when the overall composition of the aluminum alloyproduct is held constant. For example, when the average particle sizedecreases at fixed composition, the quantity and number density mustincrease, as large particles are broken down into more particles ofsmaller size. Line 120 shows that, in practice, the relationship betweenparticle size and product formability may not be linear. Instead, therelationship between particle size and product formability may benon-linear, and reflect an optimal formability character at a midrangeparticle size. Following line 120 starting from the origin, as particlesize increases, formability may increase as well within an initial rangeof particle size. However, once the particle size reaches a certainpoint, the formability of the product may begin to decrease again. Therelationship of formability and particle size illustrated by line 120may be representative of how both particle size and inter-particlespacing impact the formability of an aluminum alloy product.

A reduction in particle size may result in an increase of particledensity within a set volume of aluminum alloy when the compositionremains fixed. An increased density may mean that the particles arepositioned closer to each other, or, stated another way, theinter-particle spacing between particles may be reduced. Smallinter-particle spacing may be detrimental to formability because theshorter the inter-particle spacing, the more susceptible the aluminumalloy may be to crack propagation, as it may be easier (i.e., requireless force) for a crack to propagate from one particle to the nextparticle to the next particle, and so on. However, increasinginter-particle spacing may necessitate larger particle sizes when thecomposition is fixed (i.e., when the total volume or mass of theparticles is held constant), resulting in formation of larger particlesand a reduction in the number density of the particles. While anincrease in inter-particle spacing may require more energy or force fora crack to propagate from particle to particle, reducing crackingsusceptibility to some extent, the resulting larger particles may stillact as crack initiation or weak points. As previously noted, largerparticles tend to form voids within the aluminum alloy material whichcan concentrate deformation forces when the aluminum alloy product isunder stress or strain. Thus, while larger particles may correspond tolarger inter-particle spacing, making crack propagation more energyintensive, larger particles may also act as crack initiation points,leading to more overall weak points within the aluminum alloy. Thus, toachieve optimal formability, particle size and inter-particle spacingmust be balanced. FIGS. 2A-2D provide schematic illustrations of analuminum alloy sample, depicting how smaller particle sizes maydetrimentally affect the formability of an aluminum alloy. In FIG. 2A,an aluminum alloy 210 is illustrated. Aluminum alloy 210 includes aplurality of particles 220. Particles 220 may include various types ofparticles. For example, the plurality of particles 220 may include oneor more of constituent particles, intermetallic particles, oxides,precipitate or hardening particles. In some embodiments, particles 220may include iron-containing particles and/or manganese dispersoids.Particles 220 may include one or more intermetallic particles. Forexample, particles 220 may include α-phase intermetallic particles andβ-phase intermetallic particles. Aluminum alloy 210 may have a higherproportion of α-phase intermetallic particles than β-phase intermetallicparticles, which may correspond to a low average particle size, sinceα-phase intermetallic particles may tend to be smaller and less blockythan β-phase intermetallic particles. In some embodiments, theiron-containing particles may account for from 1% to 4% of the totalvolume of the aluminum alloy. For example, the iron-containing particlesmay account for 1% to 2%, from 1% to 3%, from 2% to 3%, from 2% to 4%,or from 3% to 4% of the total volume of the aluminum alloy. In someembodiments, the iron-containing particles may have a diameter from 1 µmto 40 µm, such as from 2 µm to 40 µm, 5 µm to 40 µm, 7 µm to 40 µm, 10µm to 40 µm, 15 µm to 40 µm, 20 µm to 40 µm, 25 µm to 40 µm, 30 µm to 40µm, or 35 µm to 40 µm. In some embodiments, the reference to particlediameters for the iron-containing particles may be for the majority ofthe iron-containing particles. For example, a description that theiron-containing particles have a diameter of from 1 µm to 40 µm may meanthat the majority (i.e., greater than 50%) of the iron-containingparticles have a diameter of 1 µm to 40 µm or that 80% of the of theiron-containing particles have a diameter of 1 µm to 40 µm.

In FIG. 2B, force 230 is shown applied to aluminum alloy 210. Force 230may exemplify forces commonly applied during a manufacturing process orduring use of a product produced from aluminum alloy 210. For example,the aluminum alloy 210 may be placed under stress during a drawingprocess, a rolling process, a stamping process, or the like. In somecases, force 230 may represent forces applied after manufacturing, suchas directly to an aluminum alloy product or article prepared fromaluminum alloy 210.

Force 230 may cause cracks 240 to initiate around particles 220 andpropagate through aluminum alloy 210, as illustrated in FIG. 2C. Asnoted above, particles 220 may act as weak points or force concentrationpoints within aluminum alloy 210. While larger particles tend to formlarger weak points, smaller particles may also act as weak points byforming voids or concentrating deformation forces when force 230 isapplied. In part, because particles 220 have a different materialcomposition than the bulk of aluminum alloy 210, the interface betweenthe particles and the surrounding alloy may act as weak points, forexample. Differences in hardness, porosity, ductility, and brittlenessmay all affect the formation of a weak point around particles 220.

As illustrated in FIG. 2B, particles 220 may be separated as depicted byinter-particle spacing 225. Inter-particle spacing 225 may correspond tothe average or shortest distance between two particles. As noted above,in some embodiments, inter-particle spacing 225 may directly correlateto particle density if the volume fraction of particles 220 remains thesame. For example, as the density of particles increases, inter-particlespacing 225 may decrease. Conversely, as the density of particlesdecreases, inter-particle spacing 225 may increase.

FIGS. 2C and 2D may illustrate how a decrease in inter-particle spacing225 may be detrimental to formability. When inter-particle spacing 225becomes too small, cracks 240 may easily propagate between particles220. As shown in FIG. 2C, propagation of cracks 240 may follow a lowestenergy path. For example, cracks 240 may propagate to the next closestweak point, such as particle 220, within aluminum alloy 210. Ifinter-particle spacing 225 is lowered, then it may take less energy forcrack 240 to propagate from one particle to the next. Less energy maycorrespond to less material for crack 240 to move through. In contrast,if inter-particle spacing 225 is higher, more energy may be required forcrack 240 to propagate to the next weak point because there is morematerial between the crack initiation point and the imperfection.

When particle density is increased and inter-particle spacing 225 isdecreased, cracks 240 may easily propagate to nearby particles 220. Thismay result in a domino-effect of crack propagation and eventually leadto complete fracturing or shearing 250 of aluminum alloy 210, asdepicted at FIG. 2D. Fracturing or shearing 250 may result in breakageor where large pieces of aluminum alloy 210 separate from the bulk ofaluminum alloy 210. Fracturing 250 may impact the integrity and strengthof aluminum alloy 210.

FIG. 3 provides an optical micrograph image 300 of a crack 340propagating between a large imperfection 350 and particle 320 within analuminum alloy. The aluminum alloy depicted in FIG. 3 may correspond toan aluminum alloy having smaller particle sizes and an overall smallaverage inter-particle spacing 325. In some cases, imperfection 350 maybe a void, crack or crack initiation point, weak point, or anotherparticle within the aluminum alloy. As shown in image 300, crack 340 maypropagate between imperfection 350 and the next closest particle 320. Anadditional imperfection 352 may be present or form around particle 320.In some cases, imperfection 352 may act as a weak point. Crack 340 maypropagate to particle 320 along a low energy path between imperfection350 and imperfection 352. When further stress or force is applied,cracks may become larger and spur further propagation.

The aluminum alloys and related products discussed herein may achievefavorable inter-particle spacing while maintaining favorable particlesize. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloys as provided herein mayhave an inter-particle spacing from about 1 µm to about 25 µm. Forexample, the inter-particle spacing may be from about 1 µm to about 25µm, from 1 µm to 2 µm, from 1 µm to 5 µm, from 1 µm to 7 µm, from 1 µmto 10 µm, from 1 µm to 12 µm, from 1 µm to 15 µm, from 1 µm to 17 µm,from 1 µm to 20 µm, from 1 µm to 22 µm, from 1 µm to 25 µm, from 2 µm to5 µm, from 2 µm to 7 µm, from 2 µm to 10 µm, from 2 µm to 12 µm, from 2µm to 15 µm, from 2 µm to 17 µm, from 2 µm to 20 µm, from 2 µm to 22 µm,from 2 µm to 25 µm, from 5 µm to 7 µm, from 5 µm to 10 µm, from 5 µm to12 µm, from 5 µm to 15 µm, from 5 µm to 17 µm, from 5 µm to 20 µm, from5 µm to 22 µm, from 5 µm to 25 µm, from 7 µm to 10 µm, from 7 µm to 12µm, from 7 µm to 15 µm, from 7 µm to 17 µm, from 7 µm to 20 µm, from 7µm to 22 µm, from 7 µm to 25 µm, from 10 µm to 12 µm, from 10 µm to 15µm, from 10 µm to 17 µm, from 10 µm to 20 µm, from 10 µm to 22 µm, from10 µm to 25 µm, from 12 µm to 15 µm, from 12 µm to 17 µm, from 12 µm to20 µm, from 12 µm to 22 µm, from 12 µm to 25 µm, from 15 µm to 17 µm,from 15 µm to 20 µm, from 15 µm to 22 µm, from 15 µm to 25 µm, from 17µm to 20 µm, from 17 µm to 22 µm, from 17 µm to 25 µm, from 20 µm to 22µm, from 20 µm to 25 µm, or from 22 µm to 25 µm. In some embodiments,inter-particle spacing may be described with relation to the majority(greater than 50%) of the plurality of particles. For example, 80percent or more of the plurality of particles within an aluminum alloymay have inter-particle spacing from 1 µm to 25 µm.

To achieve favorable inter-particle spacing, the size and density ofparticles within the aluminum alloys may be controlled or limited. Aparticle density may be represented as a number of particles per unitvolume (e.g., particles per µm³) or as a number of particles per unitarea (e.g., particles per µm²). Use of particle density as a number ofparticles per unit area may be useful for quickly characterizing thenumber of particles in an aluminum alloy or product by obtaining ascanning electron micrograph image or an optical micrograph image of aregion of the aluminum alloy or product and counting the number ofparticles in the image, which may represent a 2-dimensional slice of thealuminum alloy or product. In some examples, multiple images can beobtained to provide a representative sample of the aluminum alloy orproduct, such as for counting particles or establishing a particledensity. In some examples, the aluminum alloys may have or be controlledto have a particle density of 5 to 30,000 particles per µm² (e.g., 8 to1,400 particles per µm²) while maintaining particle diameters from 100nm to 50 µm. As used herein, particle diameters may be used to quantifyparticle size. In some cases, the particle density and/or diameters arecharacterized by obtaining scanning electron micrograph image(s) oroptical micrograph image(s) of a region or regions of the aluminum alloyor product and counting or evaluating the particles in the image(s).

In some cases, particle density may be from 5 to 30,000 particles perµm², such as from 10 to 25,000, from 10 to 20,000, from 10 to 15,000,from 10 to 10,000, from 10 to 9,500, from 10 to 9,000, from 10 to 8,500,from 10 to 8,000, from 10 to 7,500, from 10 to 7,000, from 10 to 6,500,from 10 to 6,000, from 10 to 5,500, from 10 to 5,000, from 10 to 4,500,from 10 to 4,000, from 10 to 3,500, from 10 to 3,000, from 10 to 2,500,from 10 to 2,000, from 10 to 1,500, from 10 to 1,000, from 10 to 950,from 10 to 900, from 10 to 850, from 10 to 800, from 10 to 750, from 10to 700, from 10 to 650, from 10 to 600, from 10 to 550, from 10 to 500,from 10 to 450, from 10 to 400, from 10 to 350, from 10 to 300, from 10to 250, from 10 to 200, from 10 to 150, from 10 to 100, from 10 to 75,from 10 to 50, from 10 to 25, from 25 to 30,000, from 25 to 25,000, from25 to 20,000, from 25 to 15,000, from 25 to 10,000, from 25 to 9,500,from 25 to 9,000, from 25 to 8,500, from 25 to 8,000, from 25 to 7,500,from 25 to 7,000, from 25 to 6,500, from 25 to 6,000, from 25 to 5,500,from 25 to 5,000, from 25 to 4,500, from 25 to 4,000, from 25 to 3,500,from 25 to 3,000, from 25 to 2,500, from 25 to 2,000, from 25 to 1,500,from 25 to 1,000, from 25 to 950, from 25 to 900, from 25 to 850, from25 to 800, from 25 to 750, from 25 to 700, from 25 to 650, from 25 to600, from 25 to 550, from 25 to 500, from 25 to 450, from 25 to 400,from 25 to 350, from 25 to 300, from 25 to 250, from 25 to 200, from 25to 150, from 25 to 100, from 25 to 75, from 25 to 50, from 50 to 30,000,from 50 to 25,000, from 50 to 20,000, from 50 to 15,000, from 50 to10,000, from 50 to 9,500, from 50 to 9,000, from 50 to 8,500, from 50 to8,000, from 50 to 7,500, from 50 to 7,000, from 50 to 6,500, from 50 to6,000, from 50 to 5,500, from 50 to 5,000, from 50 to 4,500, from 50 to4,000, from 50 to 3,500, from 50 to 3,000, from 50 to 2,500, from 50 to2,000, from 50 to 1,500, from 50 to 1,000, from 50 to 950, from 50 to900, from 50 to 850, from 50 to 800, from 50 to 750, from 50 to 700,from 50 to 650, from 50 to 600, from 50 to 550, from 50 to 500, from 50to 450, from 50 to 400, from 50 to 350, from 50 to 300, from 50 to 250,from 50 to 200, from 50 to 150, from 50 to 100, from 50 to 75, from 75to 30,000, from 75 to 25,000, from 75 to 20,000, from 75 to 15,000, from75 to 10,000, from 75 to 9,500, from 75 to 9,000, from 75 to 8,500, from75 to 8,000, from 75 to 7,500, from 75 to 7,000, from 75 to 6,500, from75 to 6,000, from 75 to 5,500, from 75 to 5,000, from 75 to 4,500, from75 to 4,000, from 75 to 3,500, from 75 to 3,000, from 75 to 2,500, from75 to 2,000, from 75 to 1,500, from 75 to 1,000, from 75 to 950, from 75to 900, from 75 to 850, from 75 to 800, from 75 to 750, from 75 to 700,from 75 to 650, from 75 to 600, from 75 to 550, from 75 to 500, from 75to 450, from 75 to 400, from 75 to 350, from 75 to 300, from 75 to 250,from 75 to 200, from 75 to 150, from 75 to 100, from 100 to 30,000, from100 to 25,000, from 100 to 20,000, from 100 to 15,000, from 100 to10,000, from 100 to 9,500, from 100 to 9,000, from 100 to 8,500, from100 to 8,000, from 100 to 7,500, from 100 to 7,000, from 100 to 6,500,from 100 to 6,000, from 100 to 5,500, from 100 to 5,000, from 100 to4,500, from 100 to 4,000, from 100 to 3,500, from 100 to 3,000, from 100to 2,500, from 100 to 2,000, from 100 to 1,500, from 100 to 1,000, from100 to 950, from 100 to 900, from 100 to 850, from 100 to 800, from 100to 750, from 100 to 700, from 100 to 650, from 100 to 600, from 100 to550, from 100 to 500, from 100 to 450, from 100 to 400, from 100 to 350,from 100 to 300, from 100 to 250, from 100 to 200, from 100 to 150, from150 to 30,000, from 150 to 25,000, from 150 to 20,000, from 150 to15,000, from 150 to 10,000, from 150 to 9,500, from 150 to 9,000, from150 to 8,500, from 150 to 8,000, from 150 to 7,500, from 150 to 7,000,from 150 to 6,500, from 150 to 6,000, from 150 to 5,500, from 150 to5,000, from 150 to 4,500, from 150 to 4,000, from 150 to 3,500, from 150to 3,000, from 150 to 2,500, from 150 to 2,000, from 150 to 1,500, from150 to 1,000, from 150 to 950, from 150 to 900, from 150 to 850, from150 to 800, from 150 to 750, from 150 to 700, from 150 to 650, from 150to 600, from 150 to 550, from 150 to 500, from 150 to 450, from 150 to400, from 150 to 350, from 150 to 300, from 150 to 250, from 150 to 200,from 200 to 30,000, from 200 to 25,000, from 200 to 20,000, from 200 to15,000, from 200 to 10,000, from 200 to 9,500, from 200 to 9,000, from200 to 8,500, from 200 to 8,000, from 200 to 7,500, from 200 to 7,000,from 200 to 6,500, from 200 to 6,000, from 200 to 5,500, from 200 to5,000, from 200 to 4,500, from 200 to 4,000, from 200 to 3,500, from 200to 3,000, from 200 to 2,500, from 200 to 2,000, from 200 to 1,500, from200 to 1,000, from 200 to 950, from 200 to 900, from 200 to 850, from200 to 800, from 200 to 750, from 200 to 700, from 200 to 650, from 200to 600, from 200 to 550, from 200 to 500, from 200 to 450, from 200 to400, from 200 to 350, from 200 to 300, from 200 to 250, from 250 to30,000, from 250 to 25,000, from 250 to 20,000, from 250 to 15,000, from250 to 10,000, from 250 to 9,500, from 250 to 9,000, from 250 to 8,500,from 250 to 8,000, from 250 to 7,500, from 250 to 7,000, from 250 to6,500, from 250 to 6,000, from 250 to 5,500, from 250 to 5,000, from 250to 4,500, from 250 to 4,000, from 250 to 3,500, from 250 to 3,000, from250 to 2,500, from 250 to 2,000, from 250 to 1,500, from 250 to 1,000,from 250 to 950, from 250 to 900, from 250 to 850, from 250 to 800, from250 to 750, from 250 to 700, from 250 to 650, from 250 to 600, from 250to 550, from 250 to 500, from 250 to 450, from 250 to 400, from 250 to350, from 250 to 300, from 300 to 30,000, from 300 to 25,000, from 300to 20,000, from 300 to 15,000, from 300 to 10,000, from 300 to 9,500,from 300 to 9,000, from 300 to 8,500, from 300 to 8,000, from 300 to7,500, from 300 to 7,000, from 300 to 6,500, from 300 to 6,000, from 300to 5,500, from 300 to 5,000, from 300 to 4,500, from 300 to 4,000, from300 to 3,500, from 300 to 3,000, from 300 to 2,500, from 300 to 2,000,from 300 to 1,500, from 300 to 1,000, from 300 to 950, from 300 to 900,from 300 to 850, from 300 to 800, from 300 to 750, from 300 to 700, from300 to 650, from 300 to 600, from 300 to 550, from 300 to 500, from 300to 450, from 300 to 400, from 300 to 350, from 350 to 30,000, from 350to 25,000, from 350 to 20,000, from 350 to 15,000, from 350 to 10,000,from 350 to 9,500, from 350 to 9,000, from 350 to 8,500, from 350 to8,000, from 350 to 7,500, from 350 to 7,000, from 350 to 6,500, from 350to 6,000, from 350 to 5,500, from 350 to 5,000, from 350 to 4,500, from350 to 4,000, from 350 to 3,500, from 350 to 3,000, from 350 to 2,500,from 350 to 2,000, from 350 to 1,500, from 350 to 1,000, from 350 to950, from 350 to 900, from 350 to 850, from 350 to 800, from 350 to 750,from 350 to 700, from 350 to 650, from 350 to 600, from 350 to 550, from350 to 500, from 350 to 450, from 350 to 400, from 400 to 30,000, from400 to 25,000, from 400 to 20,000, from 400 to 15,000, from 400 to10,000, from 400 to 9,500, from 400 to 9,000, from 400 to 8,500, from400 to 8,000, from 400 to 7,500, from 400 to 7,000, from 400 to 6,500,from 400 to 6,000, from 400 to 5,500, from 400 to 5,000, from 400 to4,500, from 400 to 4,000, from 400 to 3,500, from 400 to 3,000, from 400to 2,500, from 400 to 2,000, from 400 to 1,500, from 400 to 1,000, from400 to 950, from 400 to 900, from 400 to 850, from 400 to 800, from 400to 750, from 400 to 700, from 400 to 650, from 400 to 600, from 400 to550, from 400 to 500, from 400 to 450, from 450 to 30,000, from 450 to25,000, from 450 to 20,000, from 450 to 15,000, from 450 to 10,000, from450 to 9,500, from 450 to 9,000, from 450 to 8,500, from 450 to 8,000,from 450 to 7,500, from 450 to 7,000, from 450 to 6,500, from 450 to6,000, from 450 to 5,500, from 450 to 5,000, from 450 to 4,500, from 450to 4,000, from 450 to 3,500, from 450 to 3,000, from 450 to 2,500, from450 to 2,000, from 450 to 1,500, from 450 to 1,000, from 450 to 950,from 450 to 900, from 450 to 850, from 450 to 800, from 450 to 750, from450 to 700, from 450 to 650, from 450 to 600, from 450 to 550, from 450to 500, from 500 to 30,000, from 500 to 25,000, from 500 to 20,000, from500 to 15,000, from 500 to 10,000, from 500 to 9,500, from 500 to 9,000,from 500 to 8,500, from 500 to 8,000, from 500 to 7,500, from 500 to7,000, from 500 to 6,500, from 500 to 6,000, from 500 to 5,500, from 500to 5,000, from 500 to 4,500, from 500 to 4,000, from 500 to 3,500, from500 to 3,000, from 500 to 2,500, from 500 to 2,000, from 500 to 1,500,from 500 to 1,000, from 500 to 950, from 500 to 900, from 500 to 850,from 500 to 800, from 500 to 750, from 500 to 700, from 500 to 650, from500 to 600, from 500 to 550, from 600 to 30,000, from 600 to 25,000,from 600 to 20,000, from 600 to 15,000, from 600 to 10,000, from 600 to9,500, from 600 to 9,000, from 600 to 8,500, from 600 to 8,000, from 600to 7,500, from 600 to 7,000, from 600 to 6,500, from 600 to 6,000, from600 to 5,500, from 600 to 5,000, from 600 to 4,500, from 600 to 4,000,from 600 to 3,500, from 600 to 3,000, from 600 to 2,500, from 600 to2,000, from 600 to 1,500, from 600 to 1,000, from 600 to 950, from 600to 900, from 600 to 850, from 600 to 800, from 600 to 750, from 600 to700, from 600 to 650, from 700 to 30,000, from 700 to 25,000, from 700to 20,000, from 700 to 15,000, from 700 to 10,000, from 700 to 9,500,from 700 to 9,000, from 700 to 8,500, from 700 to 8,000, from 700 to7,500, from 700 to 7,000, from 700 to 6,500, from 700 to 6,000, from 700to 5,500, from 700 to 5,000, from 700 to 4,500, from 700 to 4,000, from700 to 3,500, from 700 to 3,000, from 700 to 2,500, from 700 to 2,000,from 700 to 1,500, from 700 to 1,000, from 700 to 950, from 700 to 900,from 700 to 850, from 700 to 800, from 700 to 750, from 800 to 30,000,from 800 to 25,000, from 800 to 20,000, from 800 to 15,000, from 800 to10,000, from 800 to 9,500, from 800 to 9,000, from 800 to 8,500, from800 to 8,000, from 800 to 7,500, from 800 to 7,000, from 800 to 6,500,from 800 to 6,000, from 800 to 5,500, from 800 to 5,000, from 800 to4,500, from 800 to 4,000, from 800 to 3,500, from 800 to 3,000, from 800to 2,500, from 800 to 2,000, from 800 to 1,500, from 800 to 1,000, from800 to 950, from 800 to 900, from 800 to 850, from 900 to 30,000, from900 to 25,000, from 900 to 20,000, from 900 to 15,000, from 900 to10,000, from 900 to 9,500, from 900 to 9,000, from 900 to 8,500, from900 to 8,000, from 900 to 7,500, from 900 to 7,000, from 900 to 6,500,from 900 to 6,000, from 900 to 5,500, from 900 to 5,000, from 900 to4,500, from 900 to 4,000, from 900 to 3,500, from 900 to 3,000, from 900to 2,500, from 900 to 2,000, from 900 to 1,500, from 900 to 1,000, from900 to 950, from 1,000 to 30,000, from 1,000 to 25,000, from 1,000 to20,000, from 1,000 to 15,000, from 1,000 to 10,000, from 1,000 to 9,500,from 1,000 to 9,000, from 1,000 to 8,500, from 1,000 to 8,000, from1,000 to 7,500, from 1,000 to 7,000, from 1,000 to 6,500, from 1,000 to6,000, from 1,000 to 5,500, from 1,000 to 5,000, from 1,000 to 4,500,from 1,000 to 4,000, from 1,000 to 3,500, from 1,000 to 3,000, from1,000 to 2,500, from 1,000 to 2,000, from 1,000 to 1,500, from 2,000 to30,000, from 2,000 to 25,000, from 2,000 to 20,000, from 2,000 to15,000, from 2,000 to 10,000, from 2,000 to 9,500, from 2,000 to 9,000,from 2,000 to 8,500, from 2,000 to 8,000, from 2,000 to 7,500, from2,000 to 7,000, from 2,000 to 6,500, from 2,000 to 6,000, from 2,000 to5,500, from 2,000 to 5,000, from 2,000 to 4,500, from 2,000 to 4,000,from 2,000 to 3,500, from 2,000 to 3,000, from 2,000 to 2,500, from3,000 to 30,000, from 3,000 to 25,000, from 3,000 to 20,000, from 3,000to 15,000, from 3,000 to 10,000, from 3,000 to 9,500, from 3,000 to9,000, from 3,000 to 8,500, from 3,000 to 8,000, from 3,000 to 7,500,from 3,000 to 7,000, from 3,000 to 6,500, from 3,000 to 6,000, from3,000 to 5,500, from 3,000 to 5,000, from 3,000 to 4,500, from 3,000 to4,000, from 3,000 to 3,500, from 4,000 to 30,000, from 4,000 to 25,000,from 4,000 to 20,000, from 4,000 to 15,000, from 4,000 to 10,000, from4,000 to 9,500, from 4,000 to 9,000, from 4,000 to 8,500, from 4,000 to8,000, from 4,000 to 7,500, from 4,000 to 7,000, from 4,000 to 6,500,from 4,000 to 6,000, from 4,000 to 5,500, from 4,000 to 5,000, from4,000 to 4,500, from 5,000 to 30,000, from 5,000 to 25,000, from 5,000to 20,000, from 5,000 to 15,000, from 5,000 to 10,000, from 5,000 to9,500, from 5,000 to 9,000, from 5,000 to 8,500, from 5,000 to 8,000,from 5,000 to 7,500, from 5,000 to 7,000, from 5,000 to 6,500, from5,000 to 6,000, from 5,000 to 5,500, from 6,000 to 30,000, from 6,000 to25,000, from 6,000 to 20,000, from 6,000 to 15,000, from 6,000 to10,000, from 6,000 to 9,500, from 6,000 to 9,000, from 6,000 to 8,500,from 6,000 to 8,000, from 6,000 to 7,500, from 6,000 to 7,000, from6,000 to 6,500, from 7,000 to 30,000, from 7,000 to 25,000, from 7,000to 20,000, from 7,000 to 15,000, from 7,000 to 10,000, from 7,000 to9,500, from 7,000 to 9,000, from 7,000 to 8,500, from 7,000 to 8,000,from 7,000 to 7,500, from 8,000 to 30,000, from 8,000 to 25,000, from8,000 to 20,000, from 8,000 to 15,000, from 8,000 to 10,000, from 8,000to 9,500, from 8,000 to 9,000, from 8,000 to 8,500, from 9,000 to30,000, from 9,000 to 25,000, from 9,000 to 20,000, from 9,000 to15,000, from 9,000 to 10,000, from 9,000 to 9,500, from 10,000 to30,000, from 10,000 to 25,000, from 10,000 to 20,000, from 10,000 to15,000, from 15,000 to 30,000, from 15,000 to 25,000, from 15,000 to20,000, from 20,000 to 30,000, from 20,000 to 25,000, or from 25,000 to30,000 particles per µm².

Depending on composition and/or final application for the aluminum alloyproducts, example particle diameters may range from 100 nm to 100 µm.For example the particle diameters may range from 150 nm to 100 µm, from200 nm to 100 µm, from 300 nm to 100 µm, from 400 nm to 100 µm, from 500nm to 100 µm, from 600 nm to 100 µm, from 700 nm to 100 µm, from 800 nmto 100 µm, from 1 µm to 100 µm, from 5 µm to 100 µm, from 10 µm to 100µm , from 15 µm to 100 µm, from 25 µm to 100 µm, from 50 µm to 100 µm,from 75 µm to 100 µm, from 150 nm to 75 µm, from 200 nm to 75 µm, from300 nm to 75 µm, from 400 nm to 75 µm, from 500 nm to 75 µm, from 600 nmto 75 µm, from 700 nm to 75 µm, from 800 nm to 75 µm, from 1 µm to 75µm, from 5 µm to 75 µm, from 10 µm to 75 µm, from 15 µm to 75 µm, from25 µm to 75 µm, from 50 µm to 75 µm, from 150 nm to 50 µm, from 200 nmto 50 µm, from 300 nm to 50 µm, from 400 nm to 50 µm, from 500 nm to 50µm, from 600 nm to 50 µm, from 700 nm to 50 µm, from 800 nm to 50 µm,from 1 µm to 50 µm, from 5 µm to 50 µm, from 10 µm to 50 µm, from 15 µmto 50 µm, from 25 µm to 50 µm, from 150 nm to 25 µm, from 200 nm to 25µm, from 300 nm to 25 µm, from 400 nm to 25 µm, from 500 nm to 25 µm,from 600 nm to 25 µm, from 700 nm to 25 µm, from 800 nm to 25 µm, from 1µm to 25 µm, from 5 µm to 25 µm, from 10 µm to 25 µm, from 15 µm to 25µm, from 150 nm to 15 µm, from 200 nm to 15 µm, from 300 nm to 15 µm,from 400 nm to 15 µm, from 500 nm to 15 µm, from 600 nm to 15 µm, from700 nm to 15 µm, from 800 nm to 15 µm, from 1 µm to 15 µm, from 5 µm to15 µm, from 10 µm to 15 µm, from 150 nm to 10 µm, from 200 nm to 10 µm,from 300 nm to 10 µm, from 400 nm to 10 µm, from 500 nm to 10 µm, from600 nm to 10 µm, from 700 nm to 10 µm, from 800 nm to 10 µm, from 1 µmto 10 µm, from 5 µm to 10 µm, from 150 nm to 5 µm, from 200 nm to 5 µm,from 300 nm to 5 µm, from 400 nm to 5 µm, from 500 nm to 5 µm, from 600nm to 5 µm, from 700 nm to 5 µm, from 800 nm to 5 µm, from 800 nm to 5µm, from 1 µm to 5 µm, from 150 nm to 1 µm, from 200 nm to 1 µm, from300 nm to 1 µm, from 400 nm to 1 µm, from 500 nm to 1 µm, from 600 nm to1 µm, from 700 nm to 1 µm, from 800 nm to 1 µm, from 150 nm to 800 nm,from 200 nm to 800 nm, from 300 nm to 800 nm, from 400 nm to 800 nm,from 500 nm to 800 nm, from 600 nm to 800 nm, from 700 nm to 800 nm,from 150 nm to 700 nm, from 200 nm to 700 nm, from 300 nm to 700 nm,from 400 nm to 700 nm, from 500 nm to 700 nm, from 600 nm to 700 nm,from 150 nm to 600 nm, from 200 nm to 600 nm, from 300 nm to 600 nm,from 400 nm to 600 nm, from 500 nm to 600 nm, from 150 nm to 500 nm,from 200 nm to 500 nm, from 300 nm to 500 nm, from 400 nm to 500 nm,from 150 nm to 400 nm, from 200 nm to 400 nm, from 300 nm to 400 nm,from 150 nm to 300 nm, from 200 nm to 300 nm, or from 150 nm to 200 nm.

These diameter ranges may optionally represent the diameters of 80percent (or more) of the particles, meaning that although some particlesmay have diameters outside the stated range, at least 80 percent of theparticles will have diameters within the stated range. In some cases,the diameter ranges may represent the diameter of 25 percent (or more)of the particles, 30 percent (or more) of the particles, 35 percent (ormore) of the particles, 40 percent (or more) of the particles, 45percent (or more) of the particles, 50 percent (or more) of theparticles, 55 percent (or more) of the particles, 60 percent (or more)of the particles, 65 percent (or more) of the particles, 70 percent (ormore) of the particles, 75 percent (or more) of the particles, 80percent (or more) of the particles, 85 percent (or more) of theparticles, 90 percent (or more) of the particles, 95 percent (or more)of the particles, 98 percent (or more) of the particles, or 100 percent(or more) of the particles.

To control the particle sizing and inter-particle spacing, conditionsduring casting and homogenization may be adjusted to control the sizeand density of particle generation. In some cases, the composition ofthe aluminum alloy may control particle generation. Specifically,adjustment of the composition prior to casting, for example, may beuseful to generate a favorable amount of intermetallic particles and/orto control particle diameters and inter-particle spacing.

During casting processes, aluminum alloys containing iron and manganesemay generate intermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or moreof iron or manganese, which may be referred to herein as Al-(Fe, Mn)intermetallic particles or β-phase intermetallic particles, within thecast aluminum alloy product. When silicon is present, intermetallicparticles comprising aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron ormanganese, also referred to herein as Al-(Fe, Mn)-Si intermetallicparticles or α-phase intermetallic particles, may also be generated.Exemplary α-phase and β-phase intermetallic particles may includeAl₁₅(Fe,Mn)₃Si₂ and Al₆(Fe,Mn), respectively. As some amounts of ironand silicon are generally present in almost all aluminum alloys, manyaluminum alloys may include such intermetallic particles upon casting.

Each of these intermetallic particle types exhibits different propertiesand contributes in different ways to the structure of the aluminumalloy. For example, β-phase particles tend to be larger and more blockyor geometric than α-phase particles, while α-phase particles are harderand tend to be smaller than β-phase particles, in general. During hotand cold rolling, intermetallic particles may be broken, impacting theirsize, inter-particle spacing, and density, for example. Duringhomogenization, heat treatment, and/or aging, components may diffuse inand out of intermetallic particles, changing their composition,structure, and/or size.

By adjusting the composition of the aluminum alloy, specifically theiron and silicon content, the type of intermetallic particles generatedmay be controlled and in turn the particle sizes may be controlled. Forexample, if the intermetallic particle distribution in an aluminum alloyis such that the aluminum alloy contains 99% α-phase intermetallicparticles and only 1% β-phase intermetallic particles, then the aluminumalloy may generate overall finer/smaller particles. However, if theamount of α-phase intermetallic particles generated is reduced and theamount of β-phase intermetallic particles generated is increased, thenthe overall particle size for the aluminum alloy may be larger.Moreover, when the particle volume fraction is constant while adjustingthe particle size, inter-particle spacing, and relatedly particledensity, may be controlled.

Specific aluminum alloys useful with the disclosed methods and aluminumalloy products may include those containing aluminum, iron, magnesium,manganese, and silicon. By using an increased ratio of iron to silicon,the disclosed aluminum alloy products may preferentially generateβ-phase intermetallic particles during processing or may convert α-phaseintermetallic particles to β-phase intermetallic particles during ahomogenization process. For example, in some embodiments, aluminumalloys useful with the methods and products described herein may have aratio of a wt. % of iron to a wt. % of silicon of from 0.5 to 5.0.Optionally, an aluminum alloy may have a ratio of a wt. % of iron to awt. % of silicon from 0 such as from 0.5 to 5, from 0.5 to 4.7, from 0.5to 4.6, from 0.5 to 4.5, from 0.5 to 4.25, from 0.5 to 4.0, from 0.5 to3.75, from 0.5 to 3.5, from 0.5 to 3.25, from 0.5 to 3.0, from 0.5 to2.75, from 0.5 to 2.5, from 0.5 to 2.0, from 0.5 to 1.8, from 0.5 to1.5, from 0.5 to 1.1, from 0.5 to 1.0, from 1.0 to 5.0, from 1.0 to 4.7,from 1.0 to 4.6, from 1.0 to 4.5, from 1.0 to 4.25, from 1.0 to 4.0,from 1.0 to 3.75, from 1.0 to 3.5, from 1.0 to 3.25, from 1.0 to 3.0,from 1.0 to 2.75, from 1.0 to 2.5, from 1.0 to 2.0, from 1.0 to 1.8,from 1.0 to 1.5, from 1.0 to 1.1, from 1.1 to 5.0, from 1.1 to 4.7, from1.1 to 4.6, from 1.1 to 4.5, from 1.1 to 4.25, from 1.1 to 4.0, from 1.1to 3.75, from 1.1 to 3.5, from 1.1 to 3.25, from 1.1 to 3.0, from 1.1 to1.75, from 1.1 to 2.5, from 1.1 to 2.0, from 1.1 to 1.8, from 1.1 to1.5, from 1.5 to 5.0, from 1.5 to 4.7, from 1.5 to 4.6, from 1.5 to 4.5,from 1.5 to 4.25, from 1.5 to 4.0, from 1.5 to 3.75, from 1.5 to 3.5,from 1.5 to 3.25, from 1.5 to 3.0, from 1.5 to 1.75, from 1.5 to 2.5,from 1.5 to 2.0, from 1.5 to 1.8, from 1.8 to 5.0, from 1.8 to 4.7, from1.8 to 4.6, from 1.8 to 4.5, from 1.8 to 4.25, from 1.8 to 4.0, from 1.8to 3.75, from 1.8 to 3.5, from 1.8 to 3.25, from 1.8 to 3.0, from 1.8 to1.75, from 1.8 to 2.5, from 1.8 to 2.0, from 2.0 to 5.0, from 2.0 to4.7, from 2.0 to 4.6, from 2.0 to 4.5, from 2.0 to 4.25, from 2.0 to4.0, from 2.0 to 3.75, from 2.0 to 3.5, from 2.0 to 3.25, from 2.0 to3.0, from 2.0 to 2.75, from 2.0 to 2.5, from 3.0 to 5.0, from 3.0 to4.5, from 3.0 to 4.0, from 3.0 to 3.75, from 3.0 to 3.5, from 4.0 to5.0, from 4.0 to 4.7, from 4.0 to 4.6, from 4.0 to 4.5, or from 4.0 to4.25. Such ratios may allow a cast alloy product to preferentially formdesirable amounts of α-phase and β-phase intermetallic particles duringor after casting, resulting in controlled inter-particle spacing, andparticle sizing.

These iron to silicon ratios may preferentially form β-phaseintermetallic particles and α-phase intermetallic particles in desiredratios such to achieve a desirable volume fraction of each type ofintermetallic particle within the aluminum alloy. For example, thealuminum alloy may have from 0.5% to 4.0% by volume of α-phaseintermetallic particles and from 0% to 2.0% by volume of β-phaseintermetallic particles. In some cases, the ratio of the volume percentof the α-phase intermetallic particles to a volume percent of theβ-phase intermetallic particles may be from 0.6 to 1,000; 1 to 800; 10to 750; 50 to 500; or 100 to 250. In embodiments, the ratio of α-phaseintermetallic particles to a β-phase intermetallic particles may bebased on the density of intermetallic particles instead of the volumefraction. In such embodiments, a favorable ratio of α-phaseintermetallic particle number density to a β-phase intermetallicparticle number density may be from 0.2 to 1,000. For example, the ratioof α-phase intermetallic particle number density to a β-phaseintermetallic particle number density may be from 0.2 to 1,000, 0.2 to750, 0.25 to 500, 0.25 to 100, 0.25 to 50, 0.3 to 25, 0.3 to 10, or 0.3to 3.

Compositions of Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum Alloy Products

The following Tables 1-3 provide alloy compositions (wt. %) for aluminumalloys according to some embodiments. Specifically, the providedcompositions may be useful in generating aluminum alloy products havingfavorable inter-particle spacing while maintaining favorable particlesize. As discussed above with reference to FIG. 1 , there may be abalance between inter-particle spacing and particle size that providesfor improved product formability. The following compositions may providefor aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy products having improvedformability and permit use of high amounts of recycled source content.

In some examples, an aluminum alloy as described herein may have thefollowing elemental composition as provided in Table 1.

Table 1 Element Weight Percentage (wt. %) Fe 0.1 - 1.0 Si 0.05 - 0.8 Mn0.2 - 2.0 Mg 0.2 - 2.0 Cu 0 - 0.5 Zn 0 - 0.5 Al Remainder

In some examples, the aluminum alloy may have the following elementalcomposition as provided in Table 2.

Table 2 Element Weight Percentage (wt. %) Fe 0.2 - 0.8 Si 0.1 - 0.7 Mn0.6 - 1.0 Mg 0.7 - 1.0 Cu 0 - 0.25 Zn 0 - 0.2 Ti 0 - 0.1 Cr 0 - 0.1 Zr0 - 0.1 V 0 - 0.1 Al Remainder

In some examples, the alloy may have the following elemental compositionas provided in Table 3.

Table 3 Element Weight Percentage (wt. %) Fe 0.3 - 0.7 Si 0.15 - 0.5 Mn0.8 - 1.4 Mg 0.9 - 1.1 Cu 0.1 - 0.2 Zn 0 - 0.15 Ti 0 - 0.08 Cr 0 - 0.05Zr 0 - 0.05 V 0 - 0.05 Al Remainder

In some examples, the alloy may have the following elemental compositionas provided in Table 4.

Table 4 Element Weight Percentage (wt. %) Fe 0 - 0.7 Si 0.25 - 0.7 Mn0.8 - 1.3 Mg 0.8 - 1.4 Cu 0 - 0.25 Zn 0 - 0.25 Ti 0 - 0.08 Cr 0 - 0.05Zr 0 - 0.05 V 0 - 0.05 Al Remainder

In some examples, the alloys described herein may also include iron (Fe)in an amount of from 0.1% to 1.0% (e.g., from 0.20% to 0.8% or from 0.3%to 0.7%) based on the total weight of the alloy. For example, the alloymay include 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%,0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%,0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%,0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%,0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%,0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%,0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%,0.78%, 0.79%, 0.80%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%,0.88%, 0.89%, 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%,0.98%, 0.99%, or 1.0% iron. All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include silicon (Si)in an amount of from 0.05% to 0.80% (e.g., from 0.1% to 0.7% or from0.15% to 0.5%) based on the total weight of the alloy. For example, thealloy may include 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%,0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%,0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%,0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%,0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%,0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%,0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%,0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79%, or 0.80%silicon. All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include manganese (Mn)in an amount of from 0.2% to 2.0% (e.g., from 0.6% to 1.0% or from 0.8%to 1.4%) based on the total weight of the alloy. For example, the alloymay include 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%,0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%,0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%,0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%,0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%,0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%,0.78%, 0.79%, 0.80%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%,0.88%, 0.89%, 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%,0.98%, 0.99%, 1.0%, 1.10%, 1.11%, 1.12%, 1.13%, 1.14%, 1.15%, 1.16%,1.17%, 1.18%, 1.19%, 1.20%, 1.21%, 1.22%, 1.23%, 1.24%, 1.25%, 1.26%,1.27%, 1.28%, 1.29%, 1.30%, 1.31%, 1.32%, 1.33%, 1.34%, 1.35%, 1.36%,1.37%, 1.38%, 1.39%, 1.40%, 1.41%, 1.42%, 1.43%, 1.44%, 1.45%, 1.46%,1.47%, 1.48%, 1.49%, 1.50%, 1.51%, 1.52%, 1.53%, 1.54%, 1.55%, 1.56%,1.57%, 1.58%, 1.59%, 1.60%, 1.61%, 1.62%, 1.63%, 1.64%, 1.65%, 1.66%,1.67%, 1.68%, 1.69%, 1.70%, 1.71%, 1.72%, 1.73%, 1.74%, 1.75%, 1.76%,1.77%, 1.78%, 1.79%, 1.80%, 1.81%, 1.82%, 1.83%, 1.84%, 1.85%, 1.86%,1.87%, 1.88%, 1.89%, 1.90%, 1.91%, 1.92%, 1.93%, 1.94%, 1.95%, 1.96%,1.97%, 1.98%, 1.99%, or 2.0% manganese. In some cases, manganese may notbe present in the alloy (i.e., 0%). All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include magnesium (Mg)in an amount of from 0.2% to 2.0% (e.g., from 0.7% to 1.0% or from 0.9%to 1.1%) based on the total weight of the alloy. For example, the alloymay include 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%,0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%,0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%,0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%,0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%,0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%,0.78%, 0.79%, 0.80%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%,0.88%, 0.89%, 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%,0.98%, 0.99%, 1.0%, 1.10%, 1.11%, 1.12%, 1.13%, 1.14%, 1.15%, 1.16%,1.17%, 1.18%, 1.19%, 1.20%, 1.21%, 1.22%, 1.23%, 1.24%, 1.25%, 1.26%,1.27%, 1.28%, 1.29%, 1.30%, 1.31%, 1.32%, 1.33%, 1.34%, 1.35%, 1.36%,1.37%, 1.38%, 1.39%, 1.40%, 1.41%, 1.42%, 1.43%, 1.44%, 1.45%, 1.46%,1.47%, 1.48%, 1.49%, 1.50%, 1.51%, 1.52%, 1.53%, 1.54%, 1.55%, 1.56%,1.57%, 1.58%, 1.59%, 1.60%, 1.61%, 1.62%, 1.63%, 1.64%, 1.65%, 1.66%,1.67%, 1.68%, 1.69%, 1.70%, 1.71%, 1.72%, 1.73%, 1.74%, 1.75%, 1.76%,1.77%, 1.78%, 1.79%, 1.80%, 1.81%, 1.82%, 1.83%, 1.84%, 1.85%, 1.86%,1.87%, 1.88%, 1.89%, 1.90%, 1.91%, 1.92%, 1.93%, 1.94%, 1.95%, 1.96%,1.97%, 1.98%, 1.99%, or 2.0% magnesium. All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described may include copper (Cu) in anamount of up to 0.5% (e.g., from 0% to 0.25% or from 0.1% to 0.2%) basedon the total weight of the alloy. For example, the alloy may include0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%,0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%,0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%,0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, or0.50% copper. In some cases, copper is not present in the alloy (i.e.,0%). All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include zinc (Zn) inan amount of up to 0.50% (e.g., from 0% to 0.2% or from 0% to 1.5%)based on the total weight of the alloy. For example, the alloy mayinclude 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%,0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%,0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%,0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%,0.49%, or 0.50% zinc. In some cases, zinc is not present in the alloy(i.e., 0%). All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include titanium (Ti)in an amount of up to 0.10% (e.g., from 0.001% to 0.10%, from 0% to0.05%, from 0.001% to 0.05%, or from 0.003% to 0.08%) based on the totalweight of the alloy. For example, the alloy may include 0.001%, 0.002%,0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.010%, 0.011%0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%,0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%,0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%,0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041% 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%, 0.047%,0.048%, 0.049%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.08%,0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, or 0.1% titanium. In some cases, titanium may notbe present in the alloy (i.e., 0%). All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include chromium (Cr)in an amount of up to 0.10% (e.g., from 0.001% to 0.10%, from 0% to0.05%, from 0.001% to 0.05%, or from 0.003% to 0.08%) based on the totalweight of the alloy. For example, the alloy may include 0.001%, 0.002%,0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.010%, 0.011%0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%,0.021% 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%,0.029%,0.03%, 0.031% 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%,0.038%, 0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041% 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%,0.047%, 0.048%, 0.049%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%,0.08%, 0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, or 0.10% chromium. In some cases, chromiummay not be present in the alloy (i.e., 0%). All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include zirconium (Zr)in an amount of up to 0.10% (e.g., from 0.001% to 0.10%, from 0% to0.05%, from 0.001% to 0.05%, or from 0.003% to 0.08%) based on the totalweight of the alloy. For example, the alloy may include 0.001%, 0.002%,0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.010%, 0.011%,0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%,0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%,0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%,0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041%, 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%, 0.047%,0.048%, 0.049%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.08%,0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, or 0.10% Zr. In other examples, the alloys mayinclude zirconium in an amount less than 0.05% (e.g., 0.04%, 0.03%,0.02%, or 0.01%) based on the total weight of the alloy. In some cases,zirconium may not be present in the alloy (i.e., 0%). All are expressedin wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include vanadium (V)in an amount of up to 0.10% (e.g., from 0.001% to 0.10%, from 0% to0.05%, from 0.001% to 0.05%, or from 0.003% to 0.08%) based on the totalweight of the alloy. For example, the alloy may include 0.001%, 0.002%,0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.010%, 0.011%,0.012%, 0.013%, 0.014%, 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%,0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025%, 0.026%, 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.029%,0.03%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033%, 0.034%, 0.035%, 0.036%, 0.037%, 0.038%,0.039%, 0.04%, 0.041%, 0.042%, 0.043%, 0.044%, 0.045%, 0.046%, 0.047%,0.048%, 0.049%, 0.05%, 0.055%, 0.06%, 0.065%, 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.08%,0.085%, 0.09%, 0.095%, or 0.10% vanadium. In other examples, the alloysmay include vanadium in an amount less than 0.05% (e.g., 0.04%, 0.03%,0.02%, or 0.01%) based on the total weight of the alloy. In some cases,vanadium may not be present in the alloy (i.e., 0%). All are expressedin wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include one or morerare earth elements (i.e., one or more of scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y),lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd),promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium(Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm),ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu)) in an amount of up to 0.10% (e.g.,from 0.01% to 0.10%, from 0.01% to 0.05%, or from 0.03% to 0.05%) basedon the total weight of the alloy. For example, the alloy may include0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, or 0.10%of one or more of the rare earth elements. All are expressed in wt. %.

In some examples, the alloys described herein may include one or more ofmolybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), beryllium (Be), boron (B), cobalt (Co),Tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V), indium (In), hafnium (Hf),silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni) in an amount of up to 0.20% (e.g., from0.01% to 0.20% or from 0.05% to 0.15%) based on the total weight of thealloy. For example, the alloy may include 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%,0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%,0.19%, or 0.20% of one or more of molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb),beryllium (Be), boron (B), cobalt (Co), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr),vanadium (V), indium (In), hafnium (Hf), silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni).All are expressed in wt. %.

Optionally, the alloy compositions described herein may further includeother minor elements, sometimes referred to as impurities, in amounts of0.05% or below, 0.04% or below, 0.03% or below, 0.02% or below, or 0.01%or below. These impurities may include, but are not limited to gallium(Ga), calcium (Ca), bismuth (Bi), sodium (Na), lead (Pb), orcombinations thereof. Accordingly, gallium, calcium, bismuth, sodium, orlead may be present in alloys in amounts of 0.05% or below, 0.04% orbelow, 0.03% or below, 0.02% or below, or 0.01% or below. The sum of allimpurities may not exceed 0.15% (e.g., 0.10%). All expressed in wt. %.The remaining percentage of the alloy may be aluminum.

Incidental elements, such as grain refiners and deoxidizers, or otheradditives may be present in the aluminum alloys and aluminum alloyproducts and may add other characteristics on their own withoutdeparting from or significantly altering the aluminum alloys andproducts described herein or the characteristics of the aluminum alloysor products described herein.

Unavoidable impurities, including materials or elements may be presentin the alloy in minor amounts due to inherent properties of aluminum orleaching from contact with processing equipment. Some impuritiestypically found in aluminum include iron and silicon. In some cases,iron and silicon may not be indicated as impurities. For example, theamounts of iron and silicon may be actively controlled to effect certainproperties in the alloy.

Methods of Producing Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum Alloy Products

FIG. 4 provides an overview of an example method of making an aluminumalloy product. The method of FIG. 4 begins at step 405, where analuminum alloy 406 may be cast to create a cast aluminum alloy product407, such as an ingot or other cast product. At step 410, the castaluminum alloy product 407 may be homogenized to generate a homogenizedaluminum alloy product 411. At step 415, the homogenized aluminum alloyproduct 411 may be subjected to one or more hot rolling passes and/orone or more cold rolling passes to form a rolled aluminum alloy product412, which may correspond to an aluminum alloy article, such as analuminum alloy plate, an aluminum alloy shate, or an aluminum alloysheet. Optionally, the rolled aluminum alloy product 412 may besubjected to one or more forming or stamping processes to form analuminum alloy article.

The aluminum alloys described herein may be cast using any suitablecasting method. As a few non-limiting examples, the casting process mayinclude a direct chill (DC) casting process or a continuous casting (CC)process. For example, FIG. 4 may depict a schematic illustration of a DCcasting process at 405. A continuous casting system may be used instead,which may include a pair of moving opposed casting surfaces (e.g.,moving opposed belts, rolls or blocks), a casting cavity between thepair of moving opposed casting surfaces, and a molten metal injector.The molten metal injector may have an end opening from which moltenmetal can exit the molten metal injector and be injected into thecasting cavity.

A cast aluminum alloy product, such as a cast ingot or other castproduct, may be processed by any suitable means. Optionally, theprocessing steps may be used to prepare sheets. Example processing stepsinclude, but are not limited to, homogenization, hot rolling, coldrolling, annealing, solution heat treatment, and pre-aging.

FIG. 5 provides a plot showing temperature of a cast aluminum alloyproduct according to the present disclosure as a function of time duringa homogenization process according to some examples. Duringhomogenization, the cast aluminum alloy product may be heated to ahomogenization temperature (HTi). Heating for the homogenization stepmay take place from ambient conditions, room temperature (RT as shown inFIG. 5 ), or a higher temperature, and may occur at any suitable heatingrate. In some embodiments, a heating rate of from about 10° C./hour toabout 100° C./hour may be used. Example heating rates may be from 20°C./hour to 90° C./hour, from 30° C./hour to 80° C./hour, from 40°C./hour to 70° C./hour, from 50° C./hour to 60° C./hour, about 10°C./hour, 20° C./hour, 30° C./hour, 40° C./hour, 50° C./hour, 60°C./hour, 70° C./hour, 80° C./hour, 90° C./hour, or 100° C./hour. Thetime duration for the heating process is illustrated in FIG. 5 as t_(R),running from time -t_(R) to time 0.

The aluminum alloy product may be heated to a homogenization temperature(HTi) ranging from about 500° C. to about 650° C. Example homogenizationtemperatures (HTi) include from about 550° C. to about 615° C., fromabout 570° C. to about 610° C., from about 580° C. to about 605° C.,from about 590° C. to about 600° C., about 500° C., 510° C., 520° C.,530° C., 540° C., 550° C., 560° C., 570° C., 580° C., 585° C., 590° C.,595° C., 600° C., 605° C., 610° C., 615° C., or 620° C. As described inmore detail herein, higher homogenization temperatures may be useful forcontrolling a size, distribution, concentration, and/or composition ofintermetallic particles present in the aluminum alloy, so homogenizationtemperatures of from about 585° C. to about 615° C. may be desirable.

In some embodiments, higher homogenization temperatures may be usefulfor controlling a size, inter-particle spacing, distribution,concentration, and/or composition of intermetallic particles present inthe aluminum alloy, so homogenization temperatures of from about 570° C.to about 620° C. may be desirable. In some embodiments, a homogenizationtemperature from about 585° C. to about 615° C. may be desirable.Optionally, the homogenization temperature may be within 25° C. of asolidus temperature of the aluminum alloy.

The heated cast aluminum alloy product may then be allowed to soak(i.e., held at the indicated homogenization temperature) for a period oftime. The time duration for soaking shown in FIG. 5 is t₁, which runsfrom time 0 to time t₁. In some embodiments, homogenization may takeplace in an inert atmosphere, a reduced oxygen atmosphere, anoxygen-free atmosphere, or in air. In some examples, the total time forthe homogenization step, including the heating and soaking phases, maybe up to or greater than 12 hours or 32 hours. Optionally, the soakingphase can be longer, even up to 36 hours. Long duration soaking of over12 hours or over 24 hours may be useful, in embodiments, for controllinga size, inter-particle spacing, distribution, concentration, density,and/or composition of intermetallic particles present in the aluminumalloy.

Following the soaking phase, the homogenized aluminum alloy product mayhave its temperature reduced, such as by an active or passive coolingprocess. Optionally, the homogenized aluminum alloy may have itstemperature reduced to room temperature. Cooling may take place at anysuitable cooling rate. Example cooling rates include heating rates offrom about 10° C./hour to about 50° C./hour, such as about 10° C./hour,20° C./hour, 30° C./hour, 40° C./hour, or 50° C./hour. Optionally, thehomogenized aluminum alloy product may proceed directly to hot rollingwithout being cooled to room temperature.

In some cases, the homogenization step includes multiple processes. Asillustrated in FIG. 5 , the homogenization step optionally includesheating the product to a first homogenization temperature (HTi), soakingat or about the first homogenization temperature for a first timeduration (ti), followed by cooling to a second homogenizationtemperature (HT₂), and soaking at or about the second homogenizationtemperature for a second time duration, shown in FIG. 5 as t₂-t₁. Forexample, the aluminum alloy product may be cooled after the first soakto a second homogenization temperature of from 500° C. to 600° C., suchas about 500° C., 505° C., 510° C., 515° C., 520° C., 525° C., 530° C.,535° C., 540° C., 545° C., 550° C., 555° C., 560° C., 565° C., 570° C.,575° C., 580° C., 585° C., 590° C., or 595° C. The aluminum alloyproduct may be held at the second homogenization temperature for asecond time duration of from about 1 hours to about 24 hours.

Following the homogenization step, a hot rolling step may be performed.Optionally, hot rolling may occur immediately after homogenization(i.e., without cooling to room temperature). In other embodiments, priorto the start of hot rolling, the homogenized product may be allowed tocool to a temperature of from 100° C. to 500° C. For example, thehomogenized product may be allowed to cool to a temperature of from 100°C. to 500° C., from 250° C. to 450° C., from 300° C. to 450° C., from325° C. to 425° C. or from 350° C. to 400° C. The product may then behot rolled at a temperature between 200° C. to 600° C. to form a hotrolled plate, a hot rolled shate, or a hot rolled sheet having a gaugefrom 0.5 mm to 200 mm (e.g., 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm,55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 75 mm, 80 mm, 85 mm, 90 mm, 95 mm, 100 mm,110 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm, 140 mm, 150 mm, 160 mm, 170 mm, 180 mm, 190 mm,200 mm, or anywhere in between). For example, the homogenized productmay be hot rolled at a temperature to a thickness from 1 mm to 8 mm.During hot rolling, temperatures and other operating parameters may becontrolled so that the exit temperature of the hot rolled product uponexit from the hot rolling mill is no more than about 500° C., no morethan about 450° C., no more than about 300° C., or no more than about200° C. In some cases, the exit temperature of the hot rolled productmay be from 100° C. to 500° C., or from 200° C. to 400° C.

In some cases, cast, homogenized, or hot rolled products may be coldrolled using cold rolling mills and technology into a sheet. The coldrolled sheet may have a gauge from about 0.10 mm to about 0.50 mm, fromabout 0.15 mm to about 0.3 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm or fromabout 0.7 mm to about 6.5 mm. Optionally, the cold rolled sheet may havea gauge of about 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm,4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.5 mm, 7.0 mm, 7.5 mm, 8.0 mm,8.5 mm, 9.0 mm, 9.5 mm, or 10.0 mm . The cold rolling may be performedto result in a final gauge thickness that represents a gauge reductionof up to about 95% (e.g., up to 10%, up to 20%, up to 30%, up to 40%, upto 50%, up to 60%, up to 70%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to95% reduction). During cold rolling, temperatures and other operatingparameters may be controlled so that the exit temperature of the coldrolled product upon exit from the cold rolling mill is no more thanabout 300° C., no more than about 250° C., no more than about 200° C.,or no more than about 100° C. In some cases, the exit temperature of thecold rolled product may be from 50° C. to 250° C. or from 100° C. to200° C.

Optionally, an interannealing step may be performed after the coldrolling step or in between multiple cold rolling steps. Theinterannealing step may be performed at a temperature of from about 300°C. to about 450° C. (e.g., about 310° C., 320° C., 330° C., 340° C.,350° C., 360° C., 370° C., 380° C., 390° C., 400° C., 410° C., 420° C.,430° C., 440° C., or 450° C.). In some cases, the interannealing stepcomprises multiple processes. In some non-limiting examples, theinterannealing step may include heating the plate, shate, or sheet to afirst temperature for a first period of time followed by heating to asecond temperature for a second period of time. For example, the plate,shate or sheet may be heated to about 410° C. for about 1 hour and thenheated to about 330° C. for about 2 hours.

The cast, homogenized, or hot rolled alloy products described herein mayalso be used to make products in the form of plates or other suitableproducts. For example, plates including the products as described hereincan be prepared by processing an ingot in a homogenization step orcasting a product in a continuous caster followed by homogenization andsubsequently hot rolling the homogenized product. In the hot rollingstep, the homogenized product can be hot rolled to a 200 mm thick gaugeor less (e.g., from about 10 mm to about 200 mm). For example, ahomogenized aluminum alloy product can be hot rolled to a plate having afinal gauge thickness of about 10 mm to about 175 mm, about 15 mm toabout 150 mm, about 20 mm to about 125 mm, about 25 mm to about 100 mm,about 30 mm to about 75 mm, or about 35 mm to about 50 mm.

Monolithic as well as non-monolithic, such as roll-bonded materials,cladded alloys, clad layers, composite materials, such as but notlimited to carbon fiber-containing materials, or various other materialsare also useful with the methods and aluminum alloys and aluminum alloyproducts described herein.

FIG. 6 provides a method 600 of making an aluminum alloy havingfavorable particle density and inter-particle spacing between theparticles according to an embodiment as disclosed herein. At block 610,a cast aluminum alloy product may be prepared. A cast aluminum alloyproduct may comprise an aluminum alloy including aluminum, iron,magnesium, manganese, and silicon, for example. The cast aluminum alloyproduct may include an aluminum alloy having an elemental composition asprovided herein, specifically those provided at Tables 1-3. Preparingthe cast aluminum alloy product may include preparing a molten aluminumalloy and casting the molten aluminum alloy.

The source aluminum alloy(s) for the aluminum alloy products preparedaccording to the methods and techniques described herein may correspondto the same series aluminum alloy or a mixture of different seriesaluminum alloys. Optionally, preparing the cast aluminum alloy productmay comprise preparing a molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy and castingthe molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy. Optionally, preparing the molten3xxx series aluminum alloy may comprise melting both a 3xxx seriessource aluminum alloy and a 5xxx series source aluminum alloy. In somecases, one or more of the source aluminum alloys may be from a recycledsource content. In some embodiments, aluminum alloys including a higherpercentage of iron may be useful for achieving a target iron to siliconratio. For example, preparing the molten aluminum alloy optionally mayfurther comprise melting a 4xxx series aluminum alloy or a 6xxx seriesaluminum alloy along with a 3xxx series source aluminum alloy and/or a5xxx series source aluminum alloy.

At block 620, the cast aluminum alloy product may be homogenized.Optionally, homogenizing may include heating the cast aluminum alloyproduct to a homogenization temperature, such as a homogenizationtemperature that is between 500° C. and 650° C., and soaking the castaluminum alloy product at the homogenization temperature for a timeduration between 0.1 hours and 36 hours, for example. During soaking, astructure of the aluminum alloy may change. As an example, duringsoaking, silicon from the aluminum alloy may diffuse into and transformat least a fraction of the β-phase intermetallic particles into α-phaseintermetallic particles. As an example, during soaking, iron from thealuminum alloy may diffuse into and transform at least a fraction of theα-phase intermetallic particles into β-phase intermetallic particles. Asanother example, during the soaking, iron may diffuse out of the β-phaseintermetallic particles and be optionally replaced by manganese. Asanother example, during the soaking, iron may diffuse out of the β-phaseintermetallic particles and into dispersoids present within the castaluminum alloy product.

In embodiments where the aluminum alloy includes a 3xxx series aluminumalloy, during the soaking, silicon from the 3xxx series aluminum alloymay diffuse into and transform at least a fraction of the β-phaseintermetallic particles into α-phase intermetallic particles.Optionally, during these embodiments, during the soaking, iron diffusesout of the β-phase intermetallic particles and is replaced by manganese.In some embodiments, when the iron diffuses out of the β-phaseintermetallic particles, the iron may combine with dispersoids presentwithin the cast aluminum alloy product to form α-phase intermetallicparticles. The dispersoids may include manganese.

By controlling the homogenization temperatures and duration, the natureof the intermetallic particles may change. For example, during thesoaking, an average size of the βphase intermetallic particles mayincrease or decrease. For example, an average size of the βphaseintermetallic particles may decrease as compared to an average size ofthe β-phase intermetallic particles prior to soaking. Optionally, anumber density of the β-phase intermetallic particles in the castaluminum alloy product may increase or decrease. Optionally, prior tohomogenizing, a ratio of an α-phase intermetallic particle numberdensity to a β-phase intermetallic particle number density in the castaluminum alloy product is between 0.3 and 3. Optionally, afterhomogenizing, a ratio of an α-phase intermetallic particle numberdensity to a β-phase intermetallic particle number density in thehomogenized aluminum alloy product may be from 0.2 to 1000 or more(e.g., from 2 to 1000). In some cases, an amount of the α-phaseintermetallic particles may be transformed into β-phase intermetallicparticles during homogenizing, such as 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% ormore, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more,90% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% ormore, 99.5% or more or up to 100%. In some cases, a majority of theα-phase intermetallic particles are transformed into β-phaseintermetallic particles during homogenizing.

In some embodiments, such as those in which the aluminum alloy includesa 3xxx series aluminum alloy, an amount of the β-phase intermetallicparticles may be transformed into α-phase intermetallic particles duringhomogenizing, in particular, during soaking. For example, duringsoaking, approximately 30% to 100% of the β-phase intermetallicparticles may be transformed into α-phase intermetallic particles.

In some embodiments, multiple homogenization steps may be useful. Forexample, a secondary lower temperature homogenization after an initialhigher temperature, long duration homogenization may be useful forpreparing an aluminum alloy product, such as for rolling or otherprocessing. A multiple-step homogenization process may include reducinga temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product to a secondhomogenization temperature less than the first homogenizationtemperature, and soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at thesecond homogenization temperature for a second time duration, such as asecond time duration that is shorter than the time duration of theinitial long-duration soak. In some embodiments, soaking the homogenizedaluminum alloy product at the second homogenization temperature maycontrol a surface quality or characteristic of the homogenized aluminumalloy product. Optionally, soaking the homogenized aluminum alloyproduct at the second homogenization temperature may bring a temperatureof the homogenized aluminum alloy product to a temperature sufficientfor a rolling process.

At block 640, the method 600 may optionally include subjecting thehomogenized rolled aluminum alloy product to one or more rollingprocesses to produce a rolled aluminum alloy product. For example, thehomogenized rolled aluminum alloy product may be subjected to one ormore hot rolling processes at block 642. In some cases, the homogenizedrolled aluminum alloy product may also be subjected to one or more coldrolling processes at block 644. During the hot and cold rollingprocesses, intermetallic particles may be broken, impacting their size,distribution, and number density, for example.

Hot rolling the rolled aluminum alloy product at relatively hightemperatures, such as above about 550° C., depending on the alloy, mayencounter difficulties due to roll sticking and bite refusal. This mayalso result in grain boundary separation and surface tearing, which canenhance oxidation at the surface. Since the affinity of oxide formationis higher at higher temperatures, at least in part due to fasterdiffusion of solute elements (e.g., magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), etc.,)on the surface, the new fresh surface that forms from tearing mayoxidize promptly and often results in a non-uniform surface with anundesirable oxide layer. Advantageously, however, lowering the hotrolling exit temperature, such as to a temperature below about 550° C.,for example from about 100° C. to 500° C., may give more control on rollbite with higher friction and reduce the tendency of the surface tostick, tear, and oxidize. In addition, the reduced diffusivity of soluteelements at lower temperatures can result in a more uniform surfacelayer than at higher temperatures.

Similarly, controlling the cold rolling exit temperature may also allowfor an improved aluminum alloy product. Exit temperature from a coldrolling process from about 100° C. to 200° C. may allow for the rolledaluminum alloy product to be rolled to a thickness of 0.15 to 0.30 mmwithout sticking, tearing, or breakage.

Methods of Using the Disclosed Aluminum Alloy Products

The aluminum alloy products described herein can be used in a variety ofapplications. In specific embodiments, the aluminum alloy productsdescribed herein are useful for beverage container body stock, such asaluminum can body stock or aluminum bottle body stock. Aluminum alloysheets may be subjected to a blanking process in which discs of thealuminum alloy are cut from an aluminum alloy sheet. The discs may besubjected to one or more drawing, ironing, necking or other formingprocesses to form a suitable beverage container body or preform.

Other applications may be suitable for some of the aluminum alloyproducts described herein. For example, the disclosed aluminum alloyproducts can be used to prepare automotive parts, aircraft or railwayvehicle panels, architectural panels, building products, and the like.In some examples, cookware, foils, formed containers, bottle caps, andpackaging (e.g., food packaging) may be made using the disclosedaluminum alloy products.

The aluminum alloy products and methods described herein can also beused in electronics applications. For example, the aluminum alloyproducts and methods described herein can be used to prepare housingsfor electronic devices, including mobile phones and tablet computers. Insome examples, the aluminum alloy products can be used to preparehousings for the outer casing of mobile phones (e.g., smart phones),tablet bottom chassis, and other portable electronics.

The examples disclosed herein will serve to further illustrate aspectsof the invention without, at the same time, however, constituting anylimitation thereof. On the contrary, it is to be clearly understood thatresort may be had to various embodiments, modifications and equivalentsthereof which, after reading the description herein, may suggestthemselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the spiritof the invention. The examples and embodiments described herein may alsomake use of conventional procedures, unless otherwise stated. Some ofthe procedures are described herein for illustrative purposes.

EXAMPLE

The following Table 1 provides alloying solute compositions (wt. %) oftwo example 3104 aluminum alloys, Alloy A and Alloy B. Alloy A isslightly enriched in solute as compared to Alloy B. A ratio of siliconto iron in Alloy A is about 0.60, while in Alloy B the ratio is about0.56. The solidus temperatures of the alloys were calculated to bewithin 2° C. of one another, indicating that the samples are expected tohave similar melting and physical properties. The solvus temperature forMg₂Si for Alloy A was calculated to be slightly higher than for Alloy B.Four sample ingots of each of Alloy A and Alloy B were prepared and usedto evaluate the effect of different homogenization regimes onintermetallic particles present in the alloys. The as-cast samples had agauge of about 40 mm.

Table 1 Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Solvus (°C) Mg₂Si Solidus (°C) Alloy A 0.320.53 0.19 0.86 1.25 0.03 409 623 Alloy B 0.27 0.48 0.18 0.85 1.15 0.03393 625

Predicted equilibrium phase diagrams for Alloy A and Alloy B weredetermined and are shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, respectively. Bothalloys show similar constituent phase types at just below melting, whichprimarily includes α-phase particles (ALPHA) and β-phase particles(e.g., Al₆Mn or Al₃Fe), though the Alloy A has a higher α to β ratiothan Alloy B, which may be due to higher silicon and iron content inAlloy A.

Samples of Alloy A and two samples of Alloy B were subjected to aheat-to-roll (HTR) processing scheme, where the samples were heated at aslow rate of about 50° C./h to a temperature of about 500° C. Othersamples of Alloy A and other samples of Alloy B were subjected to a2-stage (2STG) processing scheme, where the samples were heated at aslow rate of about 50° C./h to a temperature of about 600° C., held atthis temperature for about 24 hours, and then cooled to about 560° C.,where they were held for about 4 additional hours.

Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images under back-scattered electron(BSE) contrast were obtained of cross-sections of samples of the as-castAlloy A and Alloy B, as well as samples of Alloy A and Alloy B after theHTR or 2STG processing, in order to evaluate the particle distributionand microstructure of the samples. These images are shown in FIG. 8 .The images show that, overall, the sizes of the particles in Alloy A aresmaller than the particles in Alloy B. After the HTR processing, nochanges in the constituent particles were observed for either Alloy A orAlloy B. The as-cast and HTR processed samples showed a mix of α-phaseparticles and β-phase particles. After the 2STG processing, however,only α-phase particles were observed in the microstructures, with a morefine particle size distribution. In some cases, the 2STG processingtransformed the structure to a more porous character.

Samples of the as-cast Alloy A and Alloy B, as well as samples of AlloyA and Alloy B after the HTR or 2STG processing, were subjected toelectrical conductivity measurements. A bar chart showing the results ofthe measurements in terms of a percent of the International AnnealedCopper Standard (IACS) is depicted in FIG. 9 . Overall, Alloy A showshigher resistivity than Alloy B, which may be due to a higher solutelevel in Alloy A. The conductivity of all processed samples was observedto be higher than the respective as-cast samples, which may be due toprecipitation of manganese out of the solid solution and formation ofdispersoids. A noticeably smaller conductivity was observed for the 2STGprocessed samples as compared to the HTR samples, which may be due to ahigher solubility of manganese in the 2STG processed samples because ofhigher processing temperatures can allow manganese present in thedispersoids to dissolve back into the metal solid solution.

To further characterize the properties of the different alloys, samplesof Alloy A and Alloy B were subjected to rolling processes. For samplesof the alloys subjected to HTR processing, immediately after the HTRprocessing, samples of Alloy A and Alloy B were subjected to a hotrolling operation to a gauge of about 7.0 mm, recrystallized, and thensubjected to a cold rolling operation to a gauge of about 1.0 mm to formhard H19 temper products. Recrystallizing may optionally be achieved bycoiling the hot-rolled product and cooling the coil or may be achievedby annealing the hot-rolled product. Some of the cold rolled H19 temperproduct samples of Alloy A and the cold rolled H19 temper productsamples of Alloy B were then annealed at 350° C. for 1 hour to generatesoft O temper products. The hard H19 temper product samples are referredto as A_(HTR),_(H19) and B_(HTR),_(H19) and the soft O temper productsamples are referred to as A_(HTR),_(O) and B_(HTR),_(O).

Similarly, for samples of the alloys subjected to 2STG processing,immediately after the 2STG processing, heated and homogenized samples ofAlloy A and Alloy B were subjected to a hot rolling operation to a gaugeof about 7.0 mm, recrystallized, and then subjected to a cold rollingoperation to a gauge of about 1.0 mm to form hard H19 temper products.One of the cold rolled H19 temper product samples of Alloy A and one ofthe cold rolled H19 temper product samples of Alloy B were then annealedat 350° C. for 1 hour to generate soft O temper products. The hard H19temper product samples are referred to as A_(2STG),_(H19) andB_(2STG),_(H19) and the soft O temper product samples are referred to asA_(2STG),_(O) and B_(2STG),_(O).

SEM images under BSE contrast were obtained in a plan view configurationfor the A_(HTR),_(H19), B_(HTR),_(H19), A_(2STG),_(H19), andB_(2STG),_(H19) samples in order to evaluate the particle distributionand microstructure of the samples in the final gauge condition. Theseimages are shown in FIG. 10 . Less dense and coarser particles weregenerally observed in Alloy B as compared to Alloy A. A decrease in theoverall particle size is observed for the samples subjected to the 2STGprocessing as compared to the HTR processing. Additionally, in thesamples subjected to the 2STG processing, fine particles were noticedsurrounding the coarser particles, which may be due to more breakupand/or spheroidization of the particles because of the highertemperatures encountered in the 2STG processing.

High resolution cross-sectional images of the A_(HTR),_(H19),B_(HTR),_(H19), A_(2STG),_(H19), and B_(2STG),_(H19) samples wereobtained using a field emission gun scanning electron microscope(FEGSEM) to investigate the spatial distribution of dispersoids (e.g.,manganese containing dispersoids) in the final gauge samples. Theobtained images are shown in FIG. 11 , with the dispersoids identifiedas white spots in the images. The dispersoids in the samples subjectedto the HTR processing were numerous and very fine. In contrast, thedispersoids in the samples subjected to the 2STG processing were fewerin number density, but also more coarse, again due to the longer andhigher temperatures of the 2STG processing, allowing for more mobilityand time for iron atoms to be taken up and convert the dispersoids toα-phase particles and/or for constituent atoms to be taken up into andgrow the dispersoids. Slightly larger size dispersoids can be seen inthe Alloy A samples as compared to the Alloy B samples, which may beattributable to a slightly higher amount of solute in Alloy A ascompared to Alloy B.

SEM images obtained in a plan view configuration for the A_(HTR),_(H19),B_(HTR),_(H19), A_(2STG),_(H19), and B_(2STG),_(H19) samples wereanalyzed to identify particle size distributions for various particulatecomponents in the samples (by estimating particle area and size) andplots showing the results are shown in FIG. 12 . In general, the Alloy Asamples showed a finer size distribution for all particles as comparedto the Alloy B samples. The samples subjected to HTR processing showed asignificant fraction of particles identified in the figures asAl(Fe,Mn), which may correspond to β-phase particles. In contrast, thesamples subjected to 2STG processing showed little or none of theseparticles, and much higher populations of α-phase particles, indicatingthat the α-phase particles may be generated by transforming β-phaseparticles during the prolonged homogenization of the 2STG processing.

Cross-sectional images of the A_(HTR),_(H19), B_(HTR),_(H19),A_(2STG),_(H19), and B_(2STG),_(H19) samples were obtained to observethe grain structure prior to recrystallization. The images are shown inFIG. 13 . The grains show an elongated structure for all the samples,and black spots on the grain structures correspond to constituentparticles, with the 2STG processed samples showing finer particledistributions, in correspondence with the plots of FIG. 12 , withoverall greater numbers of particles observed in the Alloy A samples ascompared to the corresponding Alloy B samples.

Cross-sectional images of the A_(HTR),_(O), B_(HTR),_(O), A_(2STG),_(O),and B_(2STG),_(O) samples were obtained to observe the grain structureafter recrystallization associated with annealing, shown in FIG. 14 .The Alloy A samples show more equiaxed grains while the Alloy B samplesshow some elongated grains. Since the Alloy A samples had more particlesoverall than the corresponding Alloy B samples, particle stimulatednucleation may contribute to the less elongated grain structure in AlloyA samples. Comparing the HTR processed and 2STG processed samples, moreequiaxed grains were observed for the 2STG processed samples, which maybe due to a larger number density of dispersoids present in the HTRprocessed samples, which may inhibit recrystallization by pinning at thegrain boundaries.

Tensile properties in longitudinal cross-sections of the H19 and Otemper samples were measured, and the results are shown in FIG. 15A andFIG. 15B. In the H19 temper, the yield strength (YS) ultimate tensilestrength (UTS), and ultimate elongation (UE) of the Alloy A samples wasslightly greater than the Alloy B samples, while the total elongation(TE) did not show an overall alloy trend. A loss in strength and gain inelongation was observed for the 2STG processed samples as compared tothe HTR processed samples. Bendability properties of the H19 and Otemper samples were also measured by performing wrap bend tests, withthe results shown in FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B. Some bendabilityimprovements were observed for the 2STG processed samples as compared tothe HTR processed samples, meaning that the 2STG processed samples wereable to withstand bending to a smaller radius to thickness (r/t) thanthe HTR processed samples.

Hole expansion tests were performed on both the H19 and O tempersamples, and the results are shown in FIG. 13 . The 2STG processedsamples for both alloys exhibited higher hole expansion ratios than theHTR processed samples. The Alloy B samples also exhibited higher holeexpansion ratios than the Alloy A samples. The H19 temper Alloy A sampleshowed poor hole expansion, which may be due to the presence of a largenumber density of constituent particles in the sample. The energy storedat the interface between the particles and the matrix may be very highfor hard tempers and this energy may trigger initiation of cracksfollowed by coalescence and propagation to failure. In contrast, Alloy Bcontains less constituent particles, meaning less stored energy, andless susceptibility to cracking at the same strains at which the Alloy Asamples would crack. For the softer temper material, the constituentmorphology may be more influential than the number density of particles,as there is less energy present at the interface between the particlesand the matrix. The 2STG processed samples exhibited spheroidicalparticles than HTR processed samples, which may allow the strains to bemore evenly distributed around the particles than in the moreneedle-shaped particles of the HTR processed samples, which may resultin concentration of strain and earlier crack initiation.

ILLUSTRATIONS

As used below, any reference to a series of illustrations is to beunderstood as a reference to each of those examples disjunctively (e.g.,“Illustrations 1-4” is to be understood as “Illustrations 1, 2, 3, or4”).

Illustration 1 is an aluminum alloy product comprising: an aluminumalloy comprising aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon,wherein a ratio of an iron wt. % in the aluminum alloy to a silicon wt.% in the aluminum alloy is from 0.5 to 5.0, and wherein the aluminumalloy includes a plurality of particles including α-phase intermetallicparticles comprising aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron ormanganese and β-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum andone or more of iron or manganese; and wherein the aluminum alloy has aparticle density for the plurality of particles of from 5 to 30,000particles per µm² and wherein the aluminum alloy has an inter-particlespacing for the plurality of particles of from 1 µm to 25 µm.

Illustration 2 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the plurality of particles hasdiameters of from 500 nm to 50 µm.

Illustration 3 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the particle density is from 50 to1,000 particles per µm².

Illustration 4 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the aluminum alloy is from a recycledsource.

Illustration 5 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises: from 0.1wt. % to 1.0 wt. % iron, from 0.05 wt. % to 0.8 wt. % silicon, from 0.2wt. % to 2.0 wt. % manganese, from 0.2 wt. % to 2.0 wt. % magnesium, upto 0.5 wt. % copper, up to 0.05 wt. % zinc, and aluminum.

Illustration 6 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises up to 0.15wt. % impurities.

Illustration 7 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises: from 0.2wt. % to 0.8 wt. % iron, from 0.10 wt. % to 0.7 wt. % silicon, from 0.6wt. % to 1.0 wt. % manganese, from 0.7 wt. % to 1.0 wt. % magnesium, upto 0.25 wt. % copper, up to 0.2 wt. % zinc, up to 0.10 wt. % titanium,up to 0.10 wt. % chromium, up to 0.10 wt. % zirconium, up to 0.10 wt. %vanadium, and aluminum.

Illustration 8 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises: from 0.3wt. % to 0.7 wt. % iron, from 0.15 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % silicon, from 0.8wt. % to 1.2 wt. % manganese, from 0.9 wt. % to 1.2 wt. % magnesium,from 0.1 wt. % to 0.2 wt. % copper, up to 0.15 wt. % zinc, up to 0.08wt. % titanium, up to 0.05 wt. % chromium, up to 0.05 wt. % zirconium,up to 0.05 wt. % vanadium, and aluminum.

Illustration 9 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the α-phase intermetallic particlescomprise from 0.5% to 4.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy, and whereinthe β-phase intermetallic particles comprise from 0% to 2.0% by volumeof the aluminum alloy.

Illustration 10 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the α-phase intermetallic particlescomprise Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2, and wherein the β-phase intermetallicparticles comprise Al6(Fe,Mn).

Illustration 11 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein a ratio of an α-phase intermetallicparticle number density to a β-phase intermetallic particle numberdensity is from 0.2 to 1,000 or wherein a ratio of a volume % of theα-phase intermetallic particles to a volume % of the β-phaseintermetallic particles is from 0.6 to 1,000.

Illustration 12 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the ratio of the α-phase intermetallicparticle number density to the β-phase intermetallic particle numberdensity is from 0.3 to 3.

Illustration 13 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein 80 percent or more of the plurality ofparticles have an inter-particle spacing from 5 µm to 15 µm.

Illustration 14 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the plurality of particles compriseiron-containing particles, wherein a majority of the iron-containingparticles have a diameter from 1 µm to 40 µm.

Illustration 15 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the iron-containing particles comprisefrom 1% to 4% of a total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Illustration 16 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, further comprising manganese-containingdispersoids, wherein a majority of the manganese-containing dispersoidshave a diameter of from 10 nm to 1.5 µm.

Illustration 17 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the manganese-containing dispersoidscomprise up to 1% of a total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Illustration 18 is a method of making an aluminum alloy product, themethod comprising: preparing a cast aluminum alloy product comprising analuminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum, iron,magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein a ratio of a silicon wt. % inthe aluminum alloy to an iron wt. % in the aluminum alloy is from 0.5 to1.0, and wherein the aluminum alloy includes a plurality of particlesincluding α-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum, silicon,and one or more of iron or manganese and β-phase intermetallic particlescomprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese; andhomogenizing the cast aluminum alloy product to form a homogenizedaluminum alloy product by: heating the cast aluminum alloy product to ahomogenization temperature from 500° C. to 650° C.; and soaking the castaluminum alloy product at the homogenization temperature for a timeduration from 0.1 hours to 36 hours, and wherein the aluminum alloyproduct has a particle density for the plurality of particles of from 5to 30,000 particles per µm² and wherein the aluminum alloy product hasan inter-particle spacing for the plurality of particles of from 1 µm to25 µm.

Illustration 19 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the time duration is from 0.5 to 10 hours.

Illustration 20 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the homogenization temperature is from 570° C. to620° C.

Illustration 21 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25° C. ofa solidus temperature of the aluminum alloy.

Illustration 22 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein, during the soaking, a size of the β-phaseintermetallic particles decreases as compared to a size of the β-phaseintermetallic particles prior to the soaking.

Illustration 23 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein, during the soaking, a number density of theβ-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy productdecreases as compared to a number density of the β-phase intermetallicparticles in the cast aluminum alloy product prior to the soaking.

Illustration 24 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, further comprising subjecting the homogenized aluminumalloy product to one or more rolling processes to produce a rolledaluminum alloy product.

Illustration 25 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the one or more rolling processes comprise atleast one of a hot rolling process or a cold rolling process.

Illustration 26 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the hot rolling process comprises an exittemperature of from 100° C. to 500° C.

Illustration 27 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the exit temperature is from 200° C. to 400° C.

Illustration 28 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product produced by thehot rolling process has a thickness from 1 mm to 8 mm.

Illustration 29 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the cold rolling process comprises an exittemperature of from 50° C. to 250° C.

Illustration 30 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the exit temperature is from 100° C. to 200° C.

Illustration 31 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the rolled aluminum alloy product produced by thecold rolling process has a thickness from 0.15 mm to 0.30 mm.

Illustration 32 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the plurality of particles comprises a particlediameter from 500 nm to 50 µm.

Illustration 33 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the particle density is from 50 to 1,000 particlesper µm².

Illustration 34 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the aluminum alloy is from a recycled source.

Illustration 35 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises: from 0.1 wt. % to1.0 wt. % iron, from 0.05 wt. % to 0.8 wt. % silicon, from 0.2 wt. % to2.0 wt. % manganese, from 0.2 wt. % to 2.0 wt. % magnesium, up to 0.5wt. % copper, up to 0.05 wt. % zinc, and aluminum.

Illustration 36 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises: from 0.2 wt. % to0.8 wt. % iron, from 0.10 wt. % to 0.7 wt. % silicon, from 0.6 wt. % to1.0 wt. % manganese, from 0.7 wt. % to 1.0 wt. % magnesium, up to 0.25wt. % copper, up to 0.2 wt. % zinc, up to 0.10 wt. % titanium, up to0.10 wt. % chromium, up to 0.10 wt. % zirconium, up to 0.10 wt. %vanadium, and aluminum.

Illustration 37 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises: from 0.3 wt. % to0.7 wt. % iron, from 0.15 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % silicon, from 0.8 wt. % to1.2 wt. % manganese, from 0.9 wt. % to 1.2 wt. % magnesium, from 0.1 wt.% to 0.2 wt. % copper, up to 0.15 wt. % zinc, up to 0.08 wt. % titanium,up to 0.05 wt. % chromium, up to 0.05 wt. % zirconium, up to 0.05 wt. %vanadium, and aluminum.

Illustration 38 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the αphase intermetallic particles comprise from0.5% to 4.0% by volume of the aluminum alloy and the β-phaseintermetallic particles comprise from 0 to 2.0% by volume of thealuminum alloy.

Illustration 39 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the αphase intermetallic particles compriseAl15(Fe,Mn)3Si2, and wherein the β-phase intermetallic particlescomprise Al6(Fe,Mn).

Illustration 40 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein a ratio of an α-phase intermetallic particlenumber density to a β-phase intermetallic particle number density isfrom 0.2 to 1,000 or wherein a ratio of a volume % of the α-phaseintermetallic particles to a volume % of the β-phase intermetallicparticles is from 0.6 to 1,000.

Illustration 41 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the ratio of an α-phase intermetallic particlenumber density to the β-phase intermetallic particle number density isfrom 0.3 to 3.

Illustration 42 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein 80 percent or more of the plurality of particleshave an inter-particle spacing from 5 µm to 15 µm.

Illustration 43 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the plurality of particles compriseiron-containing particles, wherein a majority of the iron-containingparticles have an diameter from 1 µm to 40 µm.

Illustration 44 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein iron-containing particles comprise from 1% to 4%of a total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Illustration 45 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the aluminum alloy further comprisesmanganese-containing dispersoids, wherein the manganese-containingdispersoids have a diameter from 10 nm and 1.5 µm.

Illustration 46 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the manganese-containing dispersoids comprise upto 1% of a total volume of the aluminum alloy.

Illustration 47 is a method for improving formability of a metalproduct, the method comprising: providing a cast metal productcomprising a metal composite, wherein the metal composite comprisesiron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein a ratio of a siliconwt. % in the metal composite to an iron wt. % in the metal composite isfrom 0.5 to 1.0, and wherein the metal composite includes a plurality ofparticles including α-phase intermetallic particles comprising siliconand one or more of iron or manganese and β-phase intermetallic particlescomprising one or more of iron or manganese; and homogenizing the castmetal product to control an inter-particle spacing of the plurality ofparticles and to control a particle density of the plurality ofparticles such to achieve a ratio of an inter-particle spacing toparticle density from 0.0003/µm to 0.0006/µm.

Illustration 48 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the inter-particle spacing is from 1 µm to 25 µm.

Illustration 49 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the particle density is from 5 to 30,000 particlesper µm².

Illustration 50 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the particle density is from 5 to 1,000 particlesper µm².

Illustration 51 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the plurality of particles comprise a particlediameter from 1 µm to 50 µm.

Illustration 52 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein homogenizing the cast metal product comprisesheating the cast metal product to a homogenization temperature from 400°C. to 800° C. and soaking the cast metal product at the homogenizationtemperature for a time duration from 0.1 hours to 48 hours.

Illustration 53 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25° C. ofa solidus temperature of the cast metal product.

Illustration 54 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein homogenizing the cast metal product furthercomprises subjecting the cast metal product to one or more of a hotrolling process or a cold rolling process.

Illustration 55 is a method of making an aluminum alloy product, themethod comprising: preparing a cast aluminum alloy product, wherein thecast aluminum alloy product comprises a 3xxx series aluminum alloyincluding aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein aratio of a silicon wt. % in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy to an ironwt. % in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy is from 0.5 to 1.0, and whereinthe cast aluminum alloy product includes β-phase intermetallic particlescomprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese and α-phaseintermetallic particles comprising aluminum, silicon, and one or more ofiron or manganese; and homogenizing the cast aluminum alloy product toform a homogenized aluminum alloy product by: heating the cast aluminumalloy product to a homogenization temperature from 575° C. to 615° C.;and soaking the cast aluminum alloy product at the homogenizationtemperature for a time duration between 12 hours and 36 hours; whereinsilicon from the 3xxx series aluminum alloy diffuses into and transformsat least a fraction of the βphase intermetallic particles into α-phaseintermetallic particles.

Illustration 56 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the time duration is between 24 hours and 36hours.

Illustration 57 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the time duration is between 24 hours and 30hours.

Illustration 58 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the homogenization temperature is from 580° C. to610° C.

Illustration 59 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the homogenization temperature is within 25° C. ofa solidus temperature of the 3xxx series aluminum alloy.

Illustration 60 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein, during the soaking, iron diffuses out of theβ-phase intermetallic particles and is replaced by manganese.

Illustration 61 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein, during the soaking, iron diffuses out of theβ-phase intermetallic particles and combines with dispersoids presentwithin the cast aluminum alloy product to form α-phase intermetallicparticles.

Illustration 62 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the dispersoids comprise manganese.

Illustration 63 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein, during the soaking, an average size of theβ-phase intermetallic particles decreases as compared to an average sizeof the β-phase intermetallic particles prior to soaking.

Illustration 64 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein, during the soaking, a number density of theβ-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy productdecreases as compared to a number density of the β-phase intermetallicparticles in the cast aluminum alloy product prior to soaking.

Illustration 65 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein, during the soaking, 30% to 100% of the β-phaseintermetallic particles are transformed into αphase intermetallicparticles.

Illustration 66 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein a ratio of an α-phase intermetallic particlenumber density to a β-phase intermetallic particle number density in thehomogenized aluminum alloy product is from 2 to 1000.

Illustration 67 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein a ratio of an α-phase intermetallic particlenumber density to a β-phase intermetallic particle number density in thecast aluminum alloy product is from 0.3 to 3.

Illustration 68 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the ratio of the silicon wt. % to the iron wt. %in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy is from 0.55 to 0.9.

Illustration 69 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the 3xxx series aluminum alloy comprises: from0.8-1.4 wt. % magnesium; from 0.8-1.3 wt. % manganese; up to 0.25 wt. %copper; from 0.25-0.7 wt. % silicon; up to 0.7 wt. % iron; up to 0.25wt. % zinc; and aluminum.

Illustration 70 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein preparing the cast aluminum alloy productcomprises preparing a molten 3xxx series aluminum alloy and casting themolten 3xxx series aluminum alloy.

Illustration 71 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein preparing the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloycomprises melting a combination of a 3xxx series source aluminum alloyand a 5xxx series source aluminum alloy.

Illustration 72 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the 3xxx series source aluminum alloy and the 5xxxseries source aluminum alloy are from a recycled source.

Illustration 73 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein preparing the molten 3xxx series aluminum alloyfurther comprises melting a 4xxx series aluminum alloy or a 6xxx seriesaluminum alloy with the 3xxx series source aluminum alloy and the 5xxxseries source aluminum alloy.

Illustration 74 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the homogenization temperature is a firsthomogenization temperature, and wherein the method further comprises:reducing a temperature of the homogenized aluminum alloy product to asecond homogenization temperature less than the first homogenizationtemperature; and soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product at thesecond homogenization temperature for a second time duration.

Illustration 75 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the second time duration is from 1 hour to 24hours.

Illustration 76 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein the second homogenization temperature is from 500°C. to 600° C.

Illustration 77 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, wherein soaking the homogenized aluminum alloy product atthe second homogenization temperature controls a surface quality of thehomogenized aluminum alloy product.

Illustration 78 is the method of any previous or subsequentillustration, further comprising subjecting the homogenized aluminumalloy product to one or more rolling processes to produce a rolledaluminum alloy product.

Illustration 79 is an aluminum alloy product, comprising: a homogenized3xxx series aluminum alloy including aluminum, iron, magnesium,manganese, and silicon, wherein a ratio of a silicon wt. % in thehomogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy to an iron wt. % in thehomogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy is from 0.5 to 1.0, and whereinthe homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy includes α-phaseintermetallic particles comprising aluminum, silicon, and one or more ofiron or manganese, wherein at least a portion of the α-phaseintermetallic particles are transformed from β-phase intermetallicparticles comprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganeseduring homogenization of the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy.

Illustration 80 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein a ratio of an α-phase intermetallicparticle number density in the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy toa β-phase intermetallic particle number density in the homogenized 3xxxseries aluminum alloy is from 2 to 1000 or wherein a ratio of a volume %of the α-phase intermetallic particles to a volume % of the β-phaseintermetallic particle is from 0.6 to 1000.

Illustration 81 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the homogenized 3xxx series aluminumalloy is subjected to one or more rolling processes.

Illustration 82 is the aluminum alloy product of any previous orsubsequent illustration, wherein the homogenized 3xxx series aluminumalloy comprises: from 0.8-1.4 wt. % magnesium; from 0.8-1.3 wt. %manganese; up to 0.25 wt. % copper; from 0.25-0.7 wt. % silicon; up to0.7 wt. % iron; up to 0.25 wt. % zinc; and aluminum.

Illustration 83 is the aluminum alloy product of any previousillustration, prepared by the method of any previous illustration.

Illustration 84 is the method of any previous illustration, comprising amethod of making the aluminum alloy product of any previousillustration.

All patents, publications and abstracts cited above are incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety. The foregoing description of theembodiments, including illustrated embodiments, has been presented onlyfor the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended tobe exhaustive or limiting to the precise forms disclosed. Numerousmodifications, adaptations, and uses thereof will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art.

1. An aluminum alloy product comprising: an aluminum alloy comprisingaluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein a ratio of aniron wt. % in the aluminum alloy to a silicon wt. % in the aluminumalloy is from 0.5 to 5.0, and wherein the aluminum alloy includes aplurality of particles including α-phase intermetallic particlescomprising aluminum, silicon, and one or more of iron or manganese andβ-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum and one or more ofiron or manganese; and wherein the aluminum alloy has a particle densityfor the plurality of particles of from 5 particles per µm2 to 30,000particles per µm2 and wherein the aluminum alloy has an inter-particlespacing for the plurality of particles of from 1 µm to 25 µm.
 2. Thealuminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the plurality of particleshave diameters of from 500 nm to 50 µm.
 3. The aluminum alloy product ofclaim 1, wherein the particle density is from 50 to 1,000 particles perµm2.
 4. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1, wherein the aluminumalloy comprises: from 0.1 wt. % to 1.0 wt. % iron, from 0.05 wt. % to0.8 wt. % silicon, from 0.2 wt. % to 2.0 wt. % manganese, from 0.2 wt. %to 2.0 wt. % magnesium, up to 0.5 wt. % copper, up to 0.05 wt. % zinc,and aluminum. 5-8. (canceled)
 9. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1,wherein a ratio of an α-phase intermetallic particle number density to aβ-phase intermetallic particle number density is from 0.2 to 1,000 orwherein a ratio of a volume % of the α-phase intermetallic particles toa volume % of the β-phase intermetallic particles is from 0.6 to 1,000.10. (canceled)
 11. (canceled)
 12. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1,wherein the plurality of particles comprise iron-containing particles,wherein a majority of the iron-containing particles have a diameter from1 µm to 40 µm.
 13. (canceled)
 14. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1,further comprising manganese-containing dispersoids, wherein a majorityof the manganese-containing dispersoids have a diameter of from 10 nm to1.5 µm.
 15. (canceled)
 16. The aluminum alloy product of claim 1,wherein the aluminum alloy comprises a homogenized 3xxx series aluminumalloy, wherein the ratio of the iron wt. % in the homogenized 3xxxseries aluminum alloy to the silicon wt. % in the homogenized 3xxxseries aluminum alloy is from 0.5 to 1.0, and wherein the homogenized3xxx series aluminum alloy includes α-phase intermetallic particles, andwherein at least a portion of the α-phase intermetallic particles aretransformed from β-phase intermetallic particles during homogenizationof the homogenized 3xxx series aluminum alloy. 17-19. (canceled)
 20. Amethod of making an aluminum alloy product, the method comprising:preparing a cast aluminum alloy product comprising an aluminum alloy,wherein the aluminum alloy comprises aluminum, iron, magnesium,manganese, and silicon, wherein a ratio of a silicon wt. % in thealuminum alloy to an iron wt. % in the aluminum alloy is from 0.5 to1.0, and wherein the aluminum alloy includes a plurality of particlesincluding α-phase intermetallic particles comprising aluminum, silicon,and one or more of iron or manganese and β-phase intermetallic particlescomprising aluminum and one or more of iron or manganese; andhomogenizing the cast aluminum alloy product to form a homogenizedaluminum alloy product by: heating the cast aluminum alloy product to ahomogenization temperature from 500° C. to 650° C.; and soaking the castaluminum alloy product at the homogenization temperature for a timeduration from 0.1 hours to 36 hours, and wherein the aluminum alloyproduct has a particle density for the plurality of particles of from 5to 30,000 particles per µm2 and wherein the aluminum alloy product hasan inter-particle spacing for the plurality of particles of from 1 µm to25 µm. 21-24. (canceled)
 25. The method of claim 20, wherein, during thesoaking, a number density of the β-phase intermetallic particles in thecast aluminum alloy product decreases as compared to a number density ofthe β-phase intermetallic particles in the cast aluminum alloy productprior to the soaking. 26-38. (canceled)
 39. The method of claim 20,wherein: the cast aluminum alloy product comprises a 3xxx seriesaluminum alloy including aluminum, iron, magnesium, manganese, andsilicon, wherein a ratio of a silicon wt. % in the 3xxx series aluminumalloy to an iron wt. % in the 3xxx series aluminum alloy is from 0.5 to1.0, and wherein the cast aluminum alloy product includes β-phaseintermetallic particles and α-phase intermetallic particles; thehomogenization temperature is from 575° C. to 615° C.; the time durationis from 12 hours to 36 hours; and silicon from the 3xxx series aluminumalloy diffuses into and transforms at least a fraction of the β-phaseintermetallic particles into α-phase intermetallic particles. 40-49.(canceled)
 50. The method of claim 39, wherein a ratio of an α-phaseintermetallic particle number density to a β-phase intermetallicparticle number density in the homogenized aluminum alloy product isfrom 2 to
 1000. 51-53. (canceled)
 54. The method of claim 39, whereinpreparing the cast aluminum alloy product comprises preparing a molten3xxx series aluminum alloy and casting the molten 3xxx series aluminumalloy. 55-57. (canceled)
 58. The method of claim 39, wherein thehomogenization temperature is a first homogenization temperature, andwherein the method further comprises: reducing a temperature of thehomogenized aluminum alloy product to a second homogenizationtemperature less than the first homogenization temperature; and soakingthe homogenized aluminum alloy product at the second homogenizationtemperature for a second time duration.
 59. (canceled)
 60. The method ofclaim 58, wherein the second homogenization temperature is from 500° C.to 600° C.
 61. (canceled)
 62. (canceled)
 63. A method for improvingformability of a metal product, the method comprising: providing a castmetal product comprising a metal composite, wherein the metal compositecomprises iron, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, wherein a ratio of asilicon wt. % in the metal composite to an iron wt. % in the metalcomposite is from 0.5 to 1.0, and wherein the metal composite includes aplurality of particles including α-phase intermetallic particlescomprising silicon and one or more of iron or manganese and β-phaseintermetallic particles comprising one or more of iron or manganese; andhomogenizing the cast metal product to control an inter-particle spacingof the plurality of particles and to control a particle density of theplurality of particles such to achieve a ratio of an inter-particlespacing to particle density from 0.0003/µm to 0.0006/µm.
 64. The methodof claim 63, wherein the inter-particle spacing is from 1 µm to 25 µm.65. The method of claim 63, wherein the particle density is from 5 to30,000 particles per µm2.
 66. (canceled)
 67. (canceled)
 68. The methodof claim 63, wherein homogenizing the cast metal product comprisesheating the cast metal product to a homogenization temperature from 400°C. to 800° C. and soaking the cast metal product at the homogenizationtemperature for a time duration from 0.1 hours to 48 hours. 69.(canceled)
 70. The method of claim 68, wherein homogenizing the castmetal product further comprises subjecting the cast metal product to oneor more of a hot rolling process or a cold rolling process.